Intelligent soil fertilizer to improve the quality of agricultural products

Original title: materialize complex technology into "a bag of fertilizer"

Schematic diagram of circulating water and fertilizer integration (drawing: Wang Peng and Gao Qichen)

In recent years, with the application of digitalization, intelligence and informatization in agricultural production, the soil Fertilizer Workstation of Beijing Agricultural Bureau has put forward the concept of "creating agricultural future with intelligent soil fertilizer". Some efficient, ecological and safe technologies and technical products have been formed. So, what on earth is "wise soil fertilizer"? What benefits can "smart soil fertilizer" bring to production? Is there any reference for other places? Recently, the reporter visited Beijing soil fertilizer workstation and a number of agricultural cooperatives in the suburbs of Beijing to find out.

Soil and fertilizer database

Farmers know what's going on in the field before they leave the house.

In Hancun River Village, Fangshan District, Beijing, du Xin, a big grain grower, turned on the computer, tapped the mouse and called up the Beijing soil Fertilizer Information Network. In the soil testing and formula fertilization column, he found his own landmark data after clicking in, and the information of the field was clear at a glance. According to the prompt of the system, du Xin entered the soil nutrient content, target yield and other data of his 800 mu of cultivated land into the corresponding table to confirm, and immediately brushed the screen on the computer screen to show the corresponding crop soil testing formula fertilization technology. And ordered a special formula fertilizer online with the district soil fertilizer station, the whole process is only 3 minutes.

"since the use of this system, fertilization has become much more convenient than before. We know what we lack in our land, what we should make up for, what kind of fertilizer we should use in our crops, and the extent of the increase in crop yields." Du Xin told reporters.

The reason why du Xin was able to obtain the "electronic prescription" of crops in a short period of time all depends on the soil and fertilizer database established in Beijing. When it comes to this database, Zhao Yongzhi, director of the soil and fertilizer workstation of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, is quite proud, which was jointly developed and established by Beijing soil and fertilizer workstation and China Agricultural University for six years.

So, what kind of database is this? What convenience can it bring to farmers?

Zhao Yongzhi said that the database stores massive information such as the law, type and area of soil spatial distribution in Beijing, as well as soil organic matter, pH value, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and other soil attribute data. According to the relevant standards, 50 mu of land is used as the soil unit to organically connect the different attribute data in the soil attribute database, so that the database covers the cultivated land and soil around Beijing.

When querying, users only need to enter the code of a soil unit or the name of the administrative village to know the corresponding cultivated land soil information, as well as the relevant cultivated land and soil information, and these information and data are dynamically updated.

In addition, the database also stores soil boundaries, soil types, landforms, drainage and irrigation systems, soil test results for more than 30 years, fertilizer use and yield results over the years in the suburbs of Beijing. Through the analysis of the field yield variation of the yield map over the years, the soil and fertilizer experts find out the different yield regions of the crop, and then through the comparative analysis of the yield map and other related factors, calculate the main limiting factors affecting crop growth. on this basis, the precise fertilization technology of the crops planted in the plot was worked out.

The specific process is to input the data such as soil nutrient content and supply capacity, fertilizer demand law of different crops, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements required for target yield into the soil fertilizer database for analysis. work out the fertilization technology of a crop planted in a certain land or area to realize what elements are missing in the soil and how much the crops need to supplement. The input of fertilizer should be controlled within a scientific and reasonable range, and a balanced supply of various nutrients should be achieved to meet the needs of crops.

"soil fertilizer database is a very important part of intelligent soil fertilizer." Zhao Yongzhi said that the so-called intelligent soil fertilizer is actually a combination of Internet, mobile Internet, cloud computing and Internet of things technology. relying on various sensor nodes and wireless communication networks deployed in agricultural production sites to achieve intelligent perception of soil and fertilizer production environment, intelligent early warning, intelligent analysis, and expert online guidance, to provide accurate services, visual management and intelligent decision-making for soil and fertilizer production. In order to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, increase crop yield, improve the quality of agricultural products and maintain soil ecological health and sustainable utilization.

Integration of water and fertilizer

Real-time monitoring can save water and fertilizer.

Cui Weiguo, chairman of Xingchengyuan Fruit Professional Cooperative, Xingshou Town, Changping District, Beijing, stood in the experimental area of recycled water and fertilizer integrated cultivation technology in the greenhouse, carefully examining the field experiment records.

"ahem, this circulating water and fertilizer integrated cultivation technique uses nearly 80 cubic meters of water and fertilizer per mu less than the previous drip irrigation technique." Cui Weiguo was delighted to find.

According to him, strawberries have a fruiting period of more than 9 months in the whole growing season every year, and they are "fat-bellied men" who can eat and drink. In 2008, strawberries were topdressing with the traditional "hydraulic fertilizer" method, in which the fertilizer was sprinkled in the field and then watered to dissolve it in the water and seep into the ground. On the other hand, the micro-spraying technology is adopted when watering. At that time, I thought it was already very advanced, but in this way, each mu of strawberries used up to more than 200 square meters of water and nearly 100 kilograms of chemical fertilizer in one growing season.

"in fact, we know that strawberries don't use so much water and fertilizer to grow, but there's no better way." Cui Weiguo recalled.

Zhao Yongzhi's words also confirmed Cui Weiguo's feelings: in the traditional "water pressure fertilizer" method, strawberries have to be watered regardless of whether or not they are short of water, which costs both water and fertilizer, while micro-spraying technology only changes the traditional flood irrigation into sprinkler irrigation. There is no qualitative change in the mode of irrigation. This way of applying water and fertilization can not really save resources. The integration of circulating water and fertilizer is different, and the most important feature of this technology is recycling.

According to reports, the technical model of circulating water and fertilizer integration is composed of three parts: control system, irrigation system and planting system. The planting system is composed of a PVC pipe and a fixing frame, and the PVC pipe is horizontally fixed on the fixing frame. Round holes at the top of the PVC pipe are drilled equidistant to plant strawberry seedlings. The irrigation system is composed of nutrient solution storage device, circulation device and so on.

The nutrient liquid stored in the storage tank is specially prepared according to the nutrient elements and proportion needed in different stages of strawberry growth and development, which can fully meet the various nutrient needs of strawberry in different growth and development stages. After strawberry seedlings are planted, the control system will turn on and off the irrigation system according to the set period of time. After the irrigation system is started, in a certain period of time, under the control of the circulation device, the nutrient liquid flows continuously from the front end of the PVC tube to the end, and then back to the storage device. Strawberries also absorb water and nutrients in the process of nutrient liquid circulation.

"users only need to complete all the operations in the control room outside the greenhouse, and can watch the growth of crops through real-time monitoring. There are also problems with the online guidance of soil and fertilizer experts, which completely changed the previous mode of relying solely on experience for agricultural production. " Xu Mingze, deputy director of Changping District Fertilizer Station, told reporters.

It is estimated that the recycled integrated water and fertilizer cultivation model for strawberry cultivation uses only 40.9 square meters of water and 45.5 kilograms of fertilizer per mu; compared with the hydraulic fertilizer cultivation model, it saves more than 160 square meters of water per mu and saves more than half of chemical fertilizer; compared with the drip irrigation integrated water and fertilizer cultivation model, it also saves nearly 90 square meters of water per mu and 14.5 kilograms of chemical fertilizer.