Adjustment of planting structure of "Twelve consecutive increases" in Grain output

Original title: structural adjustment opens the curtain of planting industry transformation

Adjustment of corn planting area

On April 28th, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the National planting structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020) (hereinafter referred to as "the Plan"). Focusing on the 13th five-year Plan, the Plan has made detailed arrangements and arrangements for the adjustment of the planting structure at present and for a period of time in the future, so as to change the contradictory changes caused by the uncoordinated structure of the planting industry and adapt to the new normal of economic development. we will comprehensively improve the quality of development and make every effort to ensure national food security and the effective supply of important agricultural products.

Subsequently, at a press conference held by the Ministry of Agriculture on May 5, Vice Minister Yu Xinrong said that according to the agricultural situation dispatching of the Ministry of Agriculture and the reflection of various localities, the current agricultural planting structure adjustment is off to a good start.

The 'plan' issued this time is a major measure for China's agriculture to adapt to the situation and take the initiative to deal with the supply-side structural reform, and after the government has fully studied and assessed the global supply and demand situation, the supply security of China's agricultural products, and the carrying capacity of China's resources and environment. An important strategic deployment. " Luo Qiyou, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural regionalization of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said in an interview with the China Science Daily.

The reporter learned in the interview that at present, profound changes are taking place in China's agricultural and rural economy, and after the "twelve consecutive increases" in grain output, the main contradiction in China's agriculture has changed from a total shortage to a structural contradiction. Planting industry is an important foundation of agriculture, and its sustained and stable development provides strong support for economic promotion and reform, but some old problems continue to accumulate, new contradictions continue to emerge, and face many difficulties and challenges.

Adjusting corn is the key point.

In the past, people were most concerned about the problem of food and clothing, and the shortage of food supply became the main contradiction in society, and it was particularly important to solve the problem of feeding 1.3 billion people. With the earth-shaking changes and development of agriculture for decades, structural oversupply and undersupply exist at the same time.

Yu Xinrong pointed out: from the perspective of the planting industry, the supply and demand of wheat and rice rations are basically balanced, and there is a periodic oversupply of corn; the gap between supply and demand of soybeans is gradually widening, with imports of more than 80 million tons last year. At the same time, imports of cotton, oil and sugar have increased due to resource constraints and the impact of the international market.

"this is the basic situation at present. The production of wheat and rice rations is basically balanced between supply and demand, and there is mainly more corn in stock. " Yu Xinrong said.

"the variety structure is seriously skewed towards grain, and the mass production of corn in grain has squeezed out other crops, especially in many places where corn should not have been produced, and has been 'following the trend' in producing corn in recent years." Kong Xiangzhi, professor of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China and director of the Institute of Rural Development, said in an interview with the China Science Daily.

"there is a phased and relative surplus of corn, which will also cause greater pressure on warehousing and sales enterprises." Luo Qiyou said.

According to the contents of the "Plan," corn will be taken as the key object of agricultural structural adjustment this year, and the adjustment of corn structure is also the item that farmers pay the highest attention to, and the main bodies of the market have actively participated in the team of corn structural adjustment, showing some new trends.

Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated and issued the "guiding opinions on Maize structural Adjustment in the" sickle Bend "area (hereinafter referred to as the" opinion "), and put forward the adjustment idea of" ensuring production capacity, appropriate adjustment, and industrialization. "appropriately reduce the area of corn in non-dominant areas, especially in" sickle bend "areas.

Yu Xinrong said that corn is a high-energy crop with a long industrial chain, and its follow-up processing industrial chain is very long, so "we also need to put forward the concept of industry to promote the transformation of corn. To increase farmers' income and better local economic development."

According to reports, corn is also the basic feed source of aquaculture, which can promote the development of animal husbandry and processing industry. At the same time, corn is a good raw material for biofuels and has a good ability of processing and conversion. Therefore, to improve the comprehensive benefit of corn is also an important part of the adjustment of corn planting structure.

The reporter learned that in order to safeguard the interests of farmers in the corn adjustment area, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance have integrated 3.25 billion yuan of funds to support the adjustment of corn planting structure.

In terms of work deployment, the Ministry of Agriculture has coordinated the adjustment and reduction of corn with grain and bean rotation, the pilot project of changing grain to feed, and the reform of the corn harvesting and storage system, with the focus on reducing the non-dominant producing areas in the "sickle bend" areas such as the northeast cold area and the northern agro-pastoral ecotone, and actively guide farmers to plant soybeans, potato miscellaneous grains, silage corn, and high-quality forage grass.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the intended planting area of corn is expected to be reduced by more than 20 million mu this year, and the soybean area is expected to increase by more than 6 million mu this year.

"three arrows at the same time" is the bright spot

At present, China's important agricultural products are affected by international grain prices, the price rising channel meets the "ceiling", and the production cost is blocked by the "floor". Such "double-board" constraints narrow the space for further improvement of producer efficiency.

In addition, due to the rise in land rental prices and labor prices, production costs are rising year by year. In the long run, the upward pressure on agricultural prices, the rising labor costs in agricultural production and the rising wage level of the whole society are difficult to change. Agricultural production has entered a high-cost era, and the problem of low planting efficiency is becoming more and more prominent.

With the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization, part of the cultivated land is occupied, part of the agricultural water space is squeezed, and the "hard constraint" of agricultural production is intensified.

"China's agricultural resources and environment are increasingly threatened by water shortage, soil erosion, non-point source pollution and plastic film pollution, so there is an urgent need for structural adjustment to make crop varieties and farming systems better meet the requirements of the environment." Luo Qiyou said.

Under the new situation, the Plan has given instructions on these issues, put forward the national food security strategy and the strategy of storing grain in the land and technology, adhering to the market orientation and ecological priority, consolidating and increasing grain production capacity, and promoting the structural adjustment of the planting industry. we will optimize the variety structure and regional layout, and build a pattern of integrated development of grain economy and feeding, combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, integration of planting and breeding, and integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Take the road of agricultural modernization with high output efficiency, product safety, resource conservation and environment-friendly.

In Kong Xiangzhi's view, the very remarkable highlight of this "plan" lies in the "three combinations": the combination of food crops, cash crops, and forage crops, that is, the so-called combination of grain, economy and feeding, the combination of production and ecology, and the combination of land use and land cultivation.

Luo Qiyou also said that the plan proposes to protect food rations crops, expand forage (forage grass) crops and land-raising crops, and build a more adaptive, sustainable and competitive crop structure for the coordinated development of grain, economy and feed. it is indeed a major feature of this adjustment.

"it is very important to coordinate the relationship between production and ecology, and this must be done during the 13th five-year Plan." Kong Xiangzhi stressed that if we want to produce so many agricultural products, we have to pay attention to ecology.

Experts pointed out that how to combine "using" and "raising" is also the key point of the "Planning". When using land, we should raise the land at the same time, and we should not just use the way of predatory use, so that the land can get a certain "rest". "how to raise it? It mainly adopts the method of crop rotation. "