How to adjust the planting structure? talk to you about summer sowing.

Original title: planting corn naturally after wheat harvest in Shandong Province in previous years.

What will you sow this summer? You have to think about it.

Guo Yubao, a big grain grower (video screenshot: people's TV)

Affected by the continuous increase of corn planting area and yield, the import impact of alternative products and other factors, the current phased oversupply of corn has become the focus of the current round of planting structure adjustment. The adjustment of corn structure should appropriately reduce the planting area of corn in non-dominant areas, alleviate the pressure of inventory, consolidate and enhance the production capacity of dominant areas, and make efforts to improve structure, quality and efficiency, so as to ensure the planting income of farmers. What is the impact of this adjustment? How do various localities respond? Please take a look at the front-line investigation sent by our reporter.

-- Editor

A few days ago, Guo Yubao, a major grain grower in Li Louzhai Village, Pulianji Town, Cao County, Heze City, Shandong Province, stood in front of his wheat field, thinking not only about this year's wheat yield, but also for summer sowing: "despite low prices, corn can still be planted. After all, planting corn can hit more than 1300 jin of grain per mu, and the yield is guaranteed. However, I am going to interplant peanuts in 30 mu of summer corn and introduce some black corn for experiments. "

Guo Yubao's grain field is a high and stable yield field, the yield of corn is guaranteed, and the pressure is relatively small. At Yuanfeng Family Farm in Nanshahe Town, Tengzhou City, farmer Liu Yufeng calculated more: "We belong to a semi-hilly area, the land is relatively barren, the watering conditions are not good, and the corn yield is only about 800 jin per mu. In order to prepare for summer sowing, I have been in contact with the farm this year to grow silage corn and set aside a small amount of land to grow sweet potatoes, peanuts and millet to see how the income is. "

Under the influence of lower corn prices and national regulation and control policies, farmers in Shandong are making careful plans for the coming summer sowing, whether in high-yield or low-yield fields.

Increase production capacity in advantageous areas and deeply tap the potential of increasing production

Juye County of Heze City is a major grain-producing county in the country, and the level of grain production is in the forefront of the country. Li Peixian, deputy director of the county's Bureau of Agriculture, said that according to the previous research, the income of agricultural households planted one by one mainly comes from migrant workers, and most of them choose to continue to grow corn, because "when they are used to it, they all use machinery. It won't delay going out to work." On the other hand, most of the new operators, such as large grain growers, family farms, cooperatives, and so on, have some new plans, including "raising the planting level and increasing per unit yield; docking with farms, planting silage corn; and developing corn and peanut or soybean rotation" and so on.

"our general idea is to strengthen the construction of grain production capacity, further improve the field infrastructure, promote practical technology, improve the level of corn planting, and then improve the income of agricultural and agricultural production. At the same time, farmers are encouraged to experiment boldly and explore various ways to increase their income. " Li Peixian said.

In Dongming County, another major grain-producing county in Heze City, Ma Guoxing, chairman of the Maifeng Grain planting Professional Cooperative, said that the cooperative now has more than 1800 members and manages 26000 mu of land. "the main idea is to continue to strengthen technical measures, deeply tap the potential to increase per unit yield, and at the same time explore the development of corn deep processing. Now, our cooperative uses high-quality wheat flour, selenium-rich noodles and other products to achieve substantial value-added processing. Next, I'm going to copy this model to corn. " Ma Guoxing said.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Tengzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, the advantageous producing areas of corn planting should still maintain the area, with the focus on increasing production capacity, while the non-dominant producing areas are based on adjustment and reduction, encouraging farmers to boldly explore new planting models.

Non-dominant areas need to be adjusted and reduced, and how to do it remains to be explored.

As a non-dominant area of corn planting, what should Nanshahe Town do in the face of planting structure adjustment? "reduction is necessary, but how to reduce it still needs to be explored." Fang Yong, deputy mayor of the town, said, "after all, it is the first year, and we can't push it. For the time being, we still have to play the role of instructor and waiter."

It is understood that Shandong Province has issued an "implementation plan for promoting the pilot project to promote the development of grass and animal husbandry" to clearly develop demonstration slices of corn for silage and demonstration bases for high-quality forage (alfalfa). This is a good opportunity for new operators such as grain cooperatives and family farms. Ma Guoxing said: "our cooperative has a planting scale and has recently been actively docking large-scale farms in an effort to achieve order planting."

In addition, growing special crops such as black corn and sticky corn is also a way out. Guo Yubao has been growing black wheat for more than 20 years and is going to start growing black corn this year. "although the yield of black wheat is low, it is only 800 to 900 jin per mu, but the price is high and can be sold for more than two yuan per jin. I hope the same can be done for growing black corn. "

The development of corn intensive processing is also a way out. The reporter learned that the investigation team of a hundred townships and ten thousand households of the Ministry of Agriculture is conducting research in Shandong, and one of the important contents is to investigate the intensive processing of corn and its future development trend.

Rotation of corn and peanut to alleviate the contradiction between grain and oil for land

Not long ago, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences held an on-site promotion meeting of peanut and corn wide intercropping in Songlumiao Village, Niji Street, Cao County. Song Xiaoyin, chairman of the Songlumiao Village Land Gold planting Professional Cooperative, said that this is the third year in a row that peanut and corn wide intercropping has been tested and demonstrated here. "the effect has been very good. Basically, corn production has not been reduced, and more than 300 jin of peanuts can be harvested." Song Xiaoyin said.

Zhang Zheng, director of the Scientific Research Department of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that to develop intercropping of corn and peanut, it is suitable to choose "corn ∶ peanut = 2 ∶ 4 model" for high fertility plots and "corn ∶ peanut = 3 ∶ 4 model" for medium fertility plots, with a density of 4000 corn plants and 6400-7600 holes of peanut per mu. In this way, we can give full play to the marginal effect of corn, ensure that the yield of corn per mu is more than 1000 jin, increase the income of peanuts by 300 jin at the same time, stabilize grain and increase oil, and alleviate the contradiction between grain and oil for land. At the same time, Gramineae and Leguminosae rotation can also improve soil and reduce diseases.

Good plots can develop crop rotation, but what about bad plots? It is a good choice to harvest wheat and grow sweet potatoes. "the fresh sweet potato market has been very good in recent years, especially some good varieties, which can be sold for 70 or 80 cents a jin. I have asked that although the yield of growing summer potatoes is low, some varieties can produce up to four or five thousand jin per mu, and the price is not low, which is much more cost-effective than growing corn. " A big grain grower in Shanting District of Zaozhuang City told the reporter. (our reporter Lv Bingbing)