* * Fine agriculture in Turpan: aroma of fruits and vegetables in the desert basin

At present, in the apricot orchard in Nanhu Village, Tukson County, Turpan City, the "Sultan" apricot the size of a ping-pong ball is ripe. Suletan, a Uygur man in his 70s, stood by the apricot forest, looking at the apricot branches, with a gratified smile on his face. Sultan is an accomplished "soil expert". The apricot tree he cultivated and planted widely in Turpan brought an average income of nearly 20,000 yuan per mu for farmers and herdsmen, and this fine forest fruit was named "Suletan".

Today, Nanhu Village has developed "Sultan" 5200 mu, while developing 2300 mu of grapes, 1600 mu of melon orchards and 1600 mu of jujube orchards. The villagers have beautiful scenery in spring, fruit in summer, harvest in autumn and hope in winter. In 2015, the per capita income of the whole village exceeded 100000 yuan, and it has been selected as a demonstration site for the construction of rich and safe housing in Turpan for two consecutive years.

Nanhu Village is a microcosm of the development of fine agriculture in Turpan.

In the desert basin, fruits and vegetables are fragrant. In 2013, Zhang Wenquan, secretary of the Turpan Municipal CPC Committee, proposed to create a "high-quality version" of the development of modern characteristic agriculture in Turpan, focusing on "intensive farming, fine seed, fine tube, fine processing, and fine marketing". We will speed up the pace of intensive agricultural management, large-scale production and mechanized operations, and transform modern agriculture into tourism agriculture, foreign exchange-earning agriculture and health agriculture. In order to build high-quality agriculture as the starting point, Turpan is embarking on a road of transformation and upgrading from traditional agriculture to modern characteristic agriculture.

Based on the market situation, find the right way, high-quality agriculture to enhance the strengths and avoid weaknesses

"the grapes of Turpan are ripe", which is a well-known song, but also let the people of the whole country remember the most famous specialty of Turpan.

Walking on the 69700 square kilometers of land in Turpan, what can be seen at the same time as the village is the lush vineyard around the village. If you are not an expert, you may not care about the differences between different vineyards: some grape trellis are low, others are tall.

"that's a big difference." In the view of Wang Jiuzhong, member of the standing Committee of the Tulufan Municipal CPC Committee and minister of organization, the height of the grape frame is an external label to measure whether high-quality agriculture has already started, and in a deeper sense, it directly affects the efficiency of the "sweet cause" of grapes.

"in the past, Turpan did not manage grape cultivation in accordance with the thinking of boutique agriculture, and continued to use the traditional low cement column grape frame in a large area. This planting mode leads to poor ventilation and light transmission in the vineyard, which is easy to cause diseases and insect pests, and is not conducive to pruning, which naturally affects the efficiency of field management. when picking grapes, the waist is not straight, you have to squat or kneel on the ground, and the work is slow and tiring; whether it is harvesting or clearing the garden, agricultural tricycles can not get in, all by brute force. All these are the manifestations of extensive management. Therefore, if we do not engage in boutique grape cultivation, mechanized operation is empty talk; moreover, a high yield does not necessarily increase income. " Wang Jiuzhong is deeply impressed by the disadvantages of traditional grape cultivation.

Grapes are not the only ones that need to change the relative backwardness. "for example, the planting area of cotton in Turpan is relatively large, but the comparative benefit of cotton is on the low side in the past two years. In 2015, although the cotton planting area in Turpan was reduced by 60,000 mu compared with the previous year, the problems of relatively backward cotton planting methods, extensive management and relatively poor economic benefits have not been fundamentally solved. " Xie Qiang, vice mayor of Turpan, said that agricultural water consumption in Turpan accounts for more than 90% of water consumption, but the annual output value created by agriculture is less than 2 billion yuan, contributing only 15% of Turpan's GDP, and at the cost of over-extracting more than 100 million cubic meters of groundwater every year. This development model is not sustainable.

Turpan is a grape city. Nianzi is here, and he also says grapes. However, on the one hand, it is the glory of history, on the other hand, it is the embarrassment of reality.

As a generous gift from nature to Turpan Basin, grape has become a specific symbol of Turpan passing through historical time and space, and it is even more halo in the new century. As early as 2007, Turpan was designated as a national key advantage producing area of high-quality grapes by the Ministry of Agriculture; in 2008, Turpan grapes were selected as a special fruit for the Beijing Olympic Games; in 2013, the AQSIQ has established the only grape and grape products quality supervision and inspection center in Turpan. In 2015, 500000 mu of grapes achieved an income of 2.517 billion yuan, accounting for 27.29% of the per capita income of the city's 500000 farmers and herdsmen. It is an important pillar industry for promoting the development of rural economy and the sustained and rapid increase of farmers' income in Turpan.

However, good products have not been properly evaluated by the market. Turpan's characteristic agricultural products have been in the situation of 'first-class materials, second-class processing and third-class prices' for a long time, which is also the weakness of 'fine processing' and 'fine marketing' work. This situation can no longer continue. " Bai Bingshu, vice chairman of the Turpan Municipal Committee of the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference and director of the Forestry Bureau, said that one of the important reasons is the small scale of agricultural products processing enterprises. At present, among the 55 leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization at or above the municipal level in Turpan, only 3 have annual sales of more than 50 million yuan, and their radiation-driving capacity is limited. raisins, wine, cantaloupe and other major industries are lack of backbone enterprises that can play a leading role in the industrial chain. The level of intensive processing of agricultural products and livestock products is not high, and no leading products have been formed.

Resource constraints are tightening and supply-side structural reforms are being pushed back. Under the new normal economy, building high-quality agriculture has become a new coordinate for the development of the primary industry in Turpan.

"are there any conditions for fine agriculture in Turpan? Of course there is! " Yuan Xiaohua, director of the Turpan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, is confident that "the rich light and heat resources and unique natural climate have achieved the unparalleled excellent quality of Turpan grapes, cantaloupes and other fruits and out-of-season vegetables. It is an ideal choice for 'vegetable baskets', 'fruit plates' and 'meat cases' in Urumqi and Xinjiang. As the pearl of the Silk Road, Turpan is the place where the three frontiers meet in the north, east and south. This unique geographical advantage makes Turpan sit on both domestic and international markets, and many agricultural products are exported to Kazakhstan, Russia, Japan and other countries. Turpan is very rich in tourism resources. Turpan is required to build a 'big living room' in Xinjiang to attract tourists from all directions. These are the unique advantages of Turpan. To expand and strengthen high-quality agriculture, we must fully enlarge our own advantages. "

Lead by demonstration, make up for the deficiency, and bring forth fresh water in fine agriculture.

In any case, the grape industry cannot be bypassed in order to develop high-quality agriculture. Since 2013, Turpan City has continuously stepped up efforts to promote the construction of a demonstration base for standardized grape production in order to build a fine grape garden, especially by carrying out the pilot project of grape rack transformation, which requires that the low grape frame be raised to more than 1.2 meters. The quality and yield of grapes have been improved to a great extent. Farmers and herdsmen who tasted the sweetness said that the modified grape trellis was transparent and bright, and it was easy and enjoyable to work. The most important thing is that not only did not reduce the yield of grapes, but also increase production and income. The net income per mu of traditional vineyards is about 5000 yuan, and the net income per mu after transformation is 5500-6000 yuan, which is 10% higher than that of 20%.

Turpan is a famous dry and hot area in the country, known as "Huozhou". In this intermountain basin in the east of Tianshan Mountain, peach blossoms and apricot blossoms bloom earliest every spring, so Turpan is also known as "the first spring". God-given light and heat resources are suitable for the growth of a variety of fruits. Led by grapes, all kinds of fruit industries are full of vitality.

Located in the agricultural park of Tokson County, Jinrun jujube company has a lush jujube forest. Under the clear blue sky, farmers are working in the forest, chickens and ducks are looking for food under the trees, and birds are singing in the branches, as if they are playing a sweet pastoral song. This is a leading poverty alleviation enterprise integrating scientific research, planting, processing and sales of red jujube. in recent years, based on creating high-quality agriculture, we have studied and explored electronic information-based intelligent water-saving irrigation technology. Per mu of jujube forest year to save water 400m3, save labor 1000 yuan, increase per mu yield 100kg. Du Xiaodong, deputy general manager of the company, said that in recent years, through land circulation, the company has achieved large-scale operation, setting up a jujube science and technology demonstration base of more than 6000 mu in four townships throughout the county, and the demonstration has driven nearly 2000 people from the surrounding households to become rich relying on the jujube industry. The company produces and processes more than 5000 tons of red dates annually, and the developed 5 series and 28 kinds of red jujube products sell well in more than 10 large and medium-sized cities across the country. The company re-employs the transferred farmers as the company's industrial workers, making them double-paid farmers. As of 2015, the company has arranged for more than 30,000 local farmers to work, directly paid more than 15 million yuan in wages and paid more than 9 million yuan in land rent.