The "Golden vegetable" is planted by the integrated technology of greenhouse upgrading.

Original title: With the development of facility vegetable industry, greenhouse greenhouses are constantly updated. Reporters approach Shouguang City, Shandong Province, and take you to feel_

High-tech vegetable greenhouses boost industrial upgrading

Standardized vegetable nursery greenhouse

The robot is picking tomatoes in the greenhouse

The facility vegetable industry in Shouguang City of Shandong Province is in the leading position in China, especially the new generation vegetable greenhouse, which integrates all advanced technologies in cultivation and management of Shouguang vegetables. It is the concentrated embodiment of Shouguang modern agricultural science and technology, and also represents the future development direction of Shouguang facility vegetables and even Chinese facility vegetables.

Open-air facilities, old sheds into new sheds, vegetable greenhouses constantly upgraded

Shouguang is currently promoting vegetable production "two reform projects", refers to the open-air facilities, old shed to new shed. Wang Huiling, vice mayor of Shouguang City, said that the purpose of promoting the "two reform projects" is to promote the upgrading of vegetable greenhouses, build the latest high-standard vegetable greenhouses, further improve the production mode of greenhouse vegetables, and build a high-standard greenhouse vegetable production system.

The greenhouse has the functions of heat preservation, moisture retention and full utilization of light, and can give suitable growth environment for vegetable planting. Shouguang "two reform projects", one is to continue to tap the production potential of vegetable facilities, the other is to improve the production level of vegetable facilities and enhance the competitiveness of the industry.

Open-air transformation facilities are mainly to tap production potential. It is estimated that there are still 110,000 mu of cultivated land suitable for planting vegetables in Shouguang City at present. If all greenhouses are built, the income per mu will be increased by at least 20,000 yuan, and the farmers in the whole city will directly increase their income by more than 2 billion yuan every year.

The purpose of replacing old sheds with new sheds is to promote the construction of the fifth generation of high-standard greenhouses and enhance industrial competitiveness. So, what are the advantages of new greenhouses compared to old greenhouses? It is understood that the new greenhouse as an upgraded version of the old greenhouse, from the length, width, height have been greatly improved. The fifth generation greenhouse generally reaches 150 meters in length, 17~18 meters in width, 7.5 meters in height, and more than 2500 square meters in area, which is basically twice that of the old greenhouse.

"Shouguang City has been experimenting with winter warm vegetable greenhouses in small areas since 1989. Farmers have continuously adjusted, improved and created greenhouses conducive to vegetable growth in production. In the process of linear development, we found that farmers continue to lengthen, widen, and heighten greenhouses. At present, the fifth generation of greenhouses is also based on the shed type recognized by farmers, and the government promotes it. In the process of changing the old shed into a new shed, the government will give financial subsidies ranging from 200 to 500 yuan per mu." Shouguang City vegetable technology guidance station director Liu Ligong said.

Since the new shed is to integrate the old shed on the original land, and the land circulation is the premise of the "two reform projects," Shouguang City has explored the "four modes" of land circulation, namely, the village collective unified overall circulation; the spontaneous land exchange between households; the "anti-rent and reverse contract", unified planning circulation; and encouraging the farmers with planting experience to organize cross-regional circulation. Only when the land utilization rate is improved can large-scale planting become possible, and high-standard greenhouses can be established.

New greenhouses are bigger and more automated, making it easier for farmers to manage

Sangjiayingzi Village, Wenjia Street, is a traditional vegetable planting village. 900 mu of cultivated land in the village is divided into 340 vegetable greenhouses. "Last year, 340 old greenhouses were transformed into 160 new greenhouses through unified village planning and land transfer." Village committee director Sang Xiangde said.

After the transformation of the new shed, the original 340 old shed in front of the shed after the use of idle area, plus the reduction of the two north and south walls of the greenhouse occupied land, the overall area of the shed increased by a quarter. "The area inside the shed is increased, and some mechanized equipment, such as water and fertilizer integration machines, roller shutter machines and blowers, have been installed. The degree of automatic production is higher and the labor force is greatly reduced." Sang Xiangde said.

Random walk into a farmer's shed, shed length can not see the head, farmer Zhu Cuiling told reporters, now his home only this shed, just is the original two shed area. The new greenhouse has better heat preservation and moisture retention effect, and the use of lighting is more adequate. Due to proper control of water and fertilizer, diseases and insect pests are lighter than in previous years. Because of the large shed body of the new shed, farmers basically drive electric tricycles to work inside, and the labor force for picking is also reduced a lot.

How much does a new greenhouse equipped with automation cost? Zhu Cuiling gave us a detailed account: the construction cost of steel structure shed 180,000 yuan, water and fertilizer integration equipment 20,000 yuan, a set of automatic roller shutter machine 40,000 yuan, shed film 4000 yuan per year. And what about the payoffs? The average planting yield per mu has increased by 30%, saving nearly half of labor. Zhu Cuiling's family grows round eggplant, which is picked once every 3~4 days. In the two months around the Spring Festival in 2016, the income exceeds 140,000 yuan. Although the early investment of the new greenhouse is not low, it can be recovered almost in one year.

"At present, the pest management of greenhouse vegetables is mainly based on prevention. Pesticides are rarely used. Biological fertilizers are used properly. Chemical fertilizers are used less and less. Eggplants grow black and bright, sell well, and the price is not low." Zhu Cuiling said.

Xin Junren, an ordinary cadre of Shouguang City Agricultural Bureau, witnessed the development of Shouguang vegetable greenhouses at the age of 54. "Beginning in 1989, we began to develop winter warm vegetable greenhouses in Sunjiaji Sanyuanzhu Village. At the beginning, cadres of the Agricultural Bureau publicized the benefits of greenhouses in villages and called on farmers to build greenhouses. The average income of 17 greenhouses built in that year was more than 20,000 yuan, which became explosive news at that time. Gradually farmers realized the great benefits of greenhouses, not only actively built greenhouses themselves, but also constantly pondered the upgrading and transformation of greenhouses. The new greenhouses of the present fifth generation are not the result of theoretical planning by the government, but the crystallization of the peasants 'own labor." Xin Junren said.

Integrated cutting-edge technology, high-end vegetable greenhouse leads the development direction

The annual Vegetable Science and Technology Expo in Shouguang City is a grand gathering in the field of vegetables and a platform for the transformation and exchange of the latest vegetable achievements. In addition to new varieties, new technologies and new technologies, there are booths for greenhouse engineering construction related units.

Meng Xiangchang, president of Shouguang City Vegetable Technology Service Association, said that in Shouguang, there are steel frame greenhouses and mixed structure greenhouses suitable for farmers 'production, as well as glass greenhouses suitable for agricultural parks and agricultural enterprises. The former has moderate cost, while the latter is the integrated use of the latest cutting-edge technology.

In the park of Shouguang City Vegetable Industry Group, compared with the greenhouses of farmers, the high-end vegetable planting greenhouse here is another scene: 137 meters long from east to west, 52 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of 7142 square meters and an actual planting area of 6000 square meters. The core equipment is imported from Holland or Israel. Shale cultivation is one of the most advanced soilless cultivation models. The year-round climate is controlled by computer, and equipped with carbon dioxide gas supply system, water circulation system, automatic irrigation system, plant supplementary light system and perfect plant protection scheme. Tomatoes grown here reach green AA level, with an annual output value of 3.6 million tons. The successful cultivation of this high-end vegetable model is, on the one hand, a technical demonstration, on the other hand, it also represents the development direction of the future vegetable industry.