Identify the side effects of chemical fertilizer and praise the bionic green manure.

Original title: solving the difficult problem of Chemical Agriculture with innovative Technology

Liu Cunshou, Associate Professor of Zihuan College, Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

Liu Cunshou, Associate Professor, Zihuan College, Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry

Zhang Taolin, vice minister of agriculture, said at a press conference of the State Information Office that China's agricultural resources and environment are under the pressure of both exogenous and endogenous pollution, and the sustainable development of agriculture has encountered bottlenecks. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture has formulated a "double reduction" plan for chemical fertilizers and pesticides in order to achieve zero growth in chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 2020. It is not only necessary to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but also to ensure high yield and high quality of crops, which is considered by most people to be an unattainable goal. Liu Cunshou, an associate professor at Northwestern University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, gave an affirmative answer with "two innovations."

Theoretical innovation: finding the causes of side effects of chemical fertilizer from the principle of natural plant nutrition

With regard to the causes of chemical fertilizer side effects, Liu Cunshou read a large number of domestic and foreign literature and put forward a unique opinion: "after chemical fertilizer industrialization, chemical fertilizer side effects occur in all countries that apply chemical fertilizer." and the form and order of side effects are completely the same. It shows that there are deep-seated reasons for the side effects of chemical fertilizer. " In 1996, Liu Cunshou studied the characteristics of plant nutrition transformation in forest soil from the process of plant nutrition transformation in forest humic soil. more than 2000 kinds of organic active substances were successfully determined from soil water-soluble humic acid, and the principle of natural plant nutrition was discovered. the causes of side effects of chemical fertilizer were found.

According to plant physiological function, he divided the organic active substances that make up soil water-soluble humic acid into plant endogenous hormones, amino acids and small peptides, cell membrane stabilizers and signals, coenzymes, etc., and found the basic substances for organic fertilizers to stimulate plant growth and enhance plant resistance. Through analysis, it is found that more than 90% of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in water-soluble humic acid exist in organic molecules as structural elements, and plant mineral nutrients such as iron, zinc and manganese in soil also exist in the form of organic coordination compounds. 38 mineral elements were determined from soil water-soluble humic acid by ICP analyzer.

On this basis, he carried out research projects on the relationship between the types of mineral elements in soil water-soluble humic acid and plant absorption, the effects of beneficial elements on plant growth and development, and the absorption and utilization of organic small molecules (organic nutrients) by plant roots. three principles of natural plant nutrition are obtained: (1) healthy growth of plants needs to absorb a variety of mineral nutrients. (2) the plant bioavailability of organic coordination compounds of mineral elements is higher than that of inorganic ions; (3) the plant roots can directly absorb and utilize all kinds of organic small molecules in water-soluble humic acid as nutrients.

The reasons for the side effects of chemical fertilizers are obvious: chemical fertilizers with inorganic salt form, only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and chemical fertilizers without any organic nutrients, it does not accord with the principle of natural plant nutrition in three aspects: the types of mineral nutrients, the chemical forms of mineral nutrients and plant organic nutrition.

Technological Innovation: developing Green Fertilizer

In view of the side effects caused by chemical fertilizer, it has become a new direction to study the production technology of green fertilizer which accords with the principle of natural plant nutrition. After five years of repeated experiments, Liu Cunshou's team successfully used the principle of artificial simulated microorganism degradation of natural organic matter to industrialize and rapidly degrade natural organic matter into water-soluble humic acid. the conversion rate of organic carbon is as high as 98%, and the transformation rate is 120 times that of microorganisms. the harmless conversion rate of antibiotics is 97.6%, the killing rate of harmful microorganisms is 100%, and the degradation rate of animal hormones is 100%. He used small molecular organic matter to coordinate with many kinds of inorganic minerals and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in proportion to prepare biomimetic organic compound fertilizer.

Bionic organic compound fertilizer overcomes the shortcomings of traditional organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, strengthens their advantages, and realizes the trinity of soil ecological restoration, high yield and high quality of crops and harmless and efficient utilization of renewable resources. Nowadays, the effect of bionic organic compound fertilizer has been verified in many places and many kinds of crops. When the organic total nutrient compound fertilizer was applied to the apple demonstration garden in Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province for five consecutive years, the apple yield increased by 42%, the amount of chemical fertilizer decreased by nearly 50%, and the yield per mu was as high as 6000 kg. At the same time, bionic organic compound fertilizer has been produced on a large scale. Shaanxi Wangchen Industry has invested 120 million yuan and put into production a series of fertilizer production lines with an annual output of 600000 tons in 2015.

Liu Cunshou's research results had a wide impact in the industry, so he joined Academician Zhao Yufen's project expert group on "Chemical Fertilizer problems and Countermeasures in China". In May 2015, he made a special report on "production of Green Fertilizer based on Natural Plant Nutrition principles" at the Xiangshan Science Conference on "Major Scientific issues of establishing Green Fertilizer Technology system". (Ma Jing)