Grain and oil processing should be innovative. "four low and one short" is a puzzle.

Original title: facing the problems of low rate of finished products, low consumption rate, low utilization rate, low efficiency, short industrial chain--

Scientific and technological innovation opens up a new path for grain industry

Image above: boards made of various crop straws on display at the National "12th five-year Plan" Science and Technology Achievement Exhibition. Below: the color sorter is an important equipment for removing miscellaneous rice and belly white rice in the process of rice processing. the picture shows that at the national "12th five-year Plan" scientific and technological innovation exhibition, the staff introduced the quality of rice after color selection to visitors. Photo taken by Liu Hui

Three rural express comprehensive report: at present, it is the "three summers" busy farming, the production situation is gratifying, but the ensuing problems are also worthy of attention, such as grain processing waste, straw burning and so on. One of the important reasons for these old problems is that there are widespread problems of "four low and one short" in China's grain processing industry, such as low rate of finished products, low consumption rate, low utilization rate, low efficiency and short industrial chain, and grain resources have not been fully utilized.

"We must use scientific and technological innovation to seize the commanding heights of grain and oil processing, improve grain utilization efficiency, and cultivate new industrial economic growth points." Chen Zhengxing, executive deputy director of the State Engineering Laboratory of Grain fermentation Technology and Technology and professor of Food College of Jiangnan University, said. What is gratifying is that the pace of exploration in the domestic grain industry is accelerating.

Promote the development of green grain industry

The phenomenon of waste caused by excessive processing in our country is shocking. It is estimated that wheat overprocessing loses about 5 billion jin of grain every year, and rice overprocessing loses more than 7 billion jin of grain every year. More than 50% of the nutrients of grains are attached to the cortex and germ, resulting in serious loss of grain nutrients due to overprocessing.

It is a trend to advocate moderate precision processing, develop whole grain processing and preserve the natural nutrients of grain. Wang Ruiyuan, chief expert of the China Grain and Oil Association, believes that to vigorously promote the green whole grain rations project, it is necessary to take "moderation, nutrition, health, and convenience" as the development direction, improve purity, reasonably control precision, and improve production rate. preserve the inherent nutrients in the raw materials.

In May this year, the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued the Dietary guidelines for Chinese residents (2016), which encouraged residents to eat 250g to 400g of sweet potatoes a day. This is the first time that whole grain has been included in the national dietary guidelines, which is conducive to the smooth progress of the whole grain rations project.

"at present, whole-grain food processing is still in its infancy, and the grain processing industry is facing many technical problems. It is necessary to strengthen technological research and development, establish a whole-grain food quality evaluation and quality improvement system, pay attention to the application of new technologies in the development of whole-grain food, and study the appropriate processing of grain from the perspective of nutrition and health. " Said Bian Ke, vice president of Henan University of Technology.

Tan Bin, a doctoral researcher at the Grain Science Research Institute of the State Grain Administration, has been engaged in the research and development of whole grain food for many years. They have developed a series of miscellaneous grain products, such as Tartary buckwheat noodles, sorghum noodles, highland barley noodles, etc., which have overcome the technical problem that traditional grains do not contain gluten protein. Last year, industrial production was realized, and brown rice and fast-food brown rice porridge were put on the market in Jiangxi and Shandong this year. The development of the whole grain industry chain has led to an increase in the demand for miscellaneous grains and beans, and led farmers in remote areas and alpine areas to grow miscellaneous grains and beans. The whole grain processing industry is expected to become a new growth point for the grain industry. " Tan Bin said.

Intensive processing to expand market space

To develop intensive grain processing, extend the grain industry chain and carry out structural reform on the supply side is another important way to improve the utilization rate of grain resources.

Corn starch is used as the main raw material to produce biodegradable plastics, and the disposable paper cups, tableware and other products can be composted and degraded after use, which is produced by Wuhan Huali Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Zhang Xianbing, chairman of the company, told reporters that his company has an annual output of 60,000 tons of bio-based materials, which can be widely used in industry, medicine, makeup, tableware and other fields instead of ordinary petrochemical plastics.

"at present, domestic grain processing mostly stays in traditional industries with low added value, such as glucose and amino acids, and the development of high value-added industries such as new environmental protection materials is the trend in the future. only in this way can we increase the added value of grain, drive enterprises to increase efficiency and increase farmers' income." Zhang Xianbing said.

In the view of Yue Guojun, chief engineer of Cofco and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, who has been ploughed deeply in the corn processing industry for many years, the rapid development of biotechnology has brought unlimited space for the development of corn processing. The added value of primary products such as starch, alcohol and fructose syrup can be increased by 1 to 2 times; the added value of intermediate products such as citric acid and lysine can be increased by 3 to 10 times; the added value of advanced products such as enzyme preparation and malic acid can be increased by 10 to 20 times; and the added value of higher products such as Welland gum, glutamic acid and xanthan gum can be increased by more than 20 times.

"there are nearly 4000 kinds of deep-processed corn products in the world, and less than 1000 kinds of corn processing products in China, mainly medium-and low-end products. China should seize the opportunity of consumption upgrading and use industrialization thinking to speed up the development of corn deep processing industry. " Yue Guojun said.

Do a good job in the big article "Straw economy"

In China, more than 900 million tons of straw can be produced every year, and a large amount of straw is discarded in the field or even burned by fire. Now, with the improvement of the level of scientific and technological research and development, the development of "straw economy" and the use of straw as fertilizer and feed to produce artificial panels, biofuels and lignocellulose can increase the added value of straw and protect the ecological environment. to achieve "win-win" economic and social benefits.

The formaldehyde-free ecological environmental protection board produced from all kinds of crop straw can meet the production needs of decoration, furniture, floor, sound absorbing board, writing board, etc., which is independently developed by Wanhua Ecological Board Co., Ltd. Gong Ru, a staff member of the company, told reporters that the technology has been industrialized and the wood-based panels produced by the company are used by more than 180 household enterprises.

Hefei Debo Bioenergy Technology Co., Ltd. is a national high-tech enterprise engaged in R & D, production, sales and biomass gas operation of green energy products. According to the person in charge of the company, their company has established a complete industrial chain of biomass industrialization, which can use rice husks and straw as raw materials to produce biomass gas to replace traditional energy sources such as coal, oil and natural gas.

Cellulosic fuel ethanol is a biomass energy utilization project vigorously promoted in China in recent years. Straw contains a large number of natural polymers such as cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. The complete set of cellulose-to-ethanol technology successfully developed by Cofco in 2014 can ferment and transform all five-carbon and six-carbon sugars in crop straw, and create a co-production model of ethanol and bioelectricity. While producing fuel ethanol, lignin, which is difficult to use, is used to generate electricity, so that the straw can be fully utilized.

"while promoting the industrialization of cellulosic ethanol, we are also developing the technology of lignocellulose to produce organic acids and amino acids to further enhance the added value of straw." Yue Guojun said. (our reporter Liu Hui)

Science and technology of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, more classics of getting rich are waiting for you to pick up.

Http://www.gdcct.net/agritech/kjxnbl/

Science and technology special topics to uncover the scientific mysteries behind traditional agricultural experience