The bacteria bloom and the mushrooms smell fragrant.

Editor's note: do you remember the first delicious food Tricholoma matsutake introduced in the first episode of "China on the Tip of the tongue"? It is a member of a large family of edible fungi. It is understood that China's edible mushroom industry, which started at the beginning of reform and opening up, has an annual output of more than 30 million tons and an annual output value of more than 200 billion yuan with the continuous adjustment of consumers' dietary structure and the support of national policies. China has become the largest producer of edible fungi in the world, and the output of edible fungi accounts for more than 75% of the total output in the world, ranking first in the world. The focus of this issue will take you to understand the blooming strains and taste the fragrant mushrooms.

Why are the three liquid nitrogen tanks taken care of by someone? -- entering the national standard strain database of edible fungi

In a laboratory of the Edible Mushroom Industry Science and Technology Research Room of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and regionalization of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, there are three liquid nitrogen tanks, which are watched by special personnel every day.

What's in the jar, baby? Recently, the reporter went into the laboratory to find out.

For more than 10 years, 8000 germplasm resources were collected.

Generally speaking, it is difficult to imagine that the germplasm resources of edible fungi in 100 ℃ boiling hot pot should be permanently preserved under the storage condition of minus 196 ℃.

In the three liquid nitrogen tanks of the Edible Mushroom Industry Science and Technology Research Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, more than 8000 independent germplasm resources with important utilization value are preserved, and most of the germplasm resources already have DNA fingerprints.

"Don't underestimate these three jars. This is the largest edible fungus germplasm resource bank in the world-- the national edible fungus standard strain bank." In the eyes of Zhang Jinxia, director of the research office and chief scientist of the national edible fungus industry technology system, it is simply a "baby." "there is a special person to take care of it every day to see if the temperature is up to the standard and whether it is running normally. This is what we have collected in more than 10 years, and there can be no mistake. "

In the next 30 years, there will be 100 kinds of commercial mushrooms.

According to Zhang Jinxia, there are about 60 species of fungus crops commercially cultivated in China, of which there are more than 20 common commercial mushrooms, which can increase to about 100 in the next 30 years. "at present, traditional varieties such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, black fungus, Auricularia auricula, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus blazei, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus and other rare varieties are gradually promoted, and new varieties such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, hydrangea and other new varieties are constantly selected and cultivated."

At present, the national edible mushroom industry technology system headed by Zhang Jinxia has made good achievements.

"the breeding screening models of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula, Flammulina velutipes and volvariella volvacea were established, and the fruiting, high yield, resistance and cycle were identified and screened, which was changed from the complete field screening in the past to the field experiment after indoor primary selection. the workload of field experiment is greatly reduced and the breeding efficiency is increased by 2.3 times. After 8 years of efforts, 44 excellent varieties of edible fungi have been selected by the whole system, which have been promoted all over the country. "

In the "Twelfth five-year Plan" national edible mushroom industry technical system work summary, these were passed by the complicated work, condensed the scientists how many hard days and nights. In the words of Zhang Jinxia: "China's edible fungus research started relatively late, science and technology 'owe' too much." However, in spite of this, there are still such a group of researchers working hard for it. "

Li Yu, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and professor of bacteriology at Jilin Agricultural University, told reporters that the development of China's edible mushroom industry is very rapid.

According to statistics, the output of edible fungi in China has exceeded 30 million tons, with a total output value of more than 200 billion yuan.

As an ideal nutrition and health food, edible fungi are more and more loved by consumers. Edible fungus has become the fifth largest crop in agriculture, second only to grain, oil, fruits and vegetables.

Pressure cooker sterilization, two net doors

Cottonseed hull, sawdust, corncob, wheat bran, cornmeal, soybean powder, gypsum powder. Zhang Jinxia took the reporter to another laboratory, where there was such a pile of "strange" experimental materials. "these are the raw materials for the cultivation of edible fungi." Zhang Jinxia told reporters, "it can be seen that the cultivation substrate is made entirely of natural organic matter."

A large pressure cooker placed on the other side of the laboratory also attracted the attention of reporters. "whether we do experiments or growers grow edible fungi, the sticks come out of the pressure cooker, and all the materials are sterilized." Zhang Jinxia told reporters, "what can still have germs after a pressure cooker?" It can be seen that except for the edible fungi artificially inoculated, there are no other microorganisms in the stick.

After sterilization, cooling and inoculation were carried out in a clean environment. After this series of professional processes, the bacteria sticks have to be moved to another shed to produce mushrooms. Before this, it is necessary to disinfect and kill insects in the greenhouse to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests during mushroom production.

"when mushrooms grow, they naturally have fragrance and attract pests." Zhang Jinxia told reporters that therefore, the doors, windows and vents of the mushroom shed are equipped with anti-insect nets to block the entry of flying insects outside the shed. The shed is also hung with yellow boards that can stick flying insects and black lights that can electrocute pests, so it is impossible to cause pests. " It can be seen that the whole process of edible fungus planting diseases and insect pests can be completely controlled, and there is no need for medication. It can be said that it is "difficult to be unsafe" for edible fungi planted in this way.