Propagation methods and matters needing attention of Orchid

1. Propagation methods of orchids.

(1) ramet propagation: on the whole, there are three methods of ramet reproduction, namely, detached plant method, internal cutting method and covering the old man method, less watering should be done before the split, strong stems should be selected, and at least 5 connected pseudo-corms should be ensured. The cultivated flowerpot should be covered with broken tiles first, and then filled with loose sandy soil to ensure the permeability of the soil. After the ramet is completed, the soil should be watered thoroughly, and the soil can be moist in half a month.

(2) sowing propagation: sowing reproduction is not recommended for ordinary people, because the seed germination rate of orchids is very low, mainly because there is only one underdeveloped embryo inside the orchid seeds, and the survival rate is relatively low. in addition, the orchid seed coat is not easy to absorb water, resulting in low germination rate of sowing and reproduction, so people with conditions can adopt the method of artificial culture.

(3) tissue culture propagation: tissue culture propagation is generally used in large-scale production, which has the characteristics of high survival rate and low reproduction cost. it uses the new buds of orchids to be put into the culture nutrient solution and propagates rapidly. the new buds of orchids are introduced into petri dishes with the nutrient solution commonly used in the market, and the new buds of orchids are fixed in them, and the roots can be planted in water a week later.

2. Matters needing attention in orchid propagation

The main results are as follows: (1) Orchid is mainly distributed in southeast and southwest. Most of them are wild in the shade places under the sparse forests and rock edges of the moist valleys, so they like warm and humid climate, like shade and dampness, and require shade of 70% to 90%, avoiding high temperature, dryness and strong light.

(2) the withered and yellow old leaves and disease and insect leaves should be cut off continuously in orchid cultivation to facilitate ventilation. After the flower buds are unearthed, each plant should leave a strong flower bud and the rest should be cut off so as not to consume too much nutrients and affect flowering in the coming year. After the flower fades, the flower stalk should be cut off.

Insect control techniques of white orchids and matters needing attention in breeding methods of white orchids

White orchids are native to Java, Indonesia. Most of the provinces in South China are cultivated. There are also potted plants in the Yangtze River Basin and North China.

Flower cultivation is beneficial: flowers contain aromatic volatile oils, antioxidants and fungicides, which can beautify the environment, purify the air and incense the room; anthers have the effect of warming the lungs and relieving cough and turbid; essential oils extracted from flowers and dry spices made from flowers can be used for beauty, bathing, etc.; flowers can also be smoked into scented tea.

Disease and pest control of white orchids:

White orchids are easily infected with chlorosis, anthrax, affected by red spiders, shell insects and other pests.

Yellowing white orchid prefers acidic soil. If it grows in alkaline soil for a long time or the irrigated water is alkaline, yellowing will occur easily, resulting in yellowing of leaves and blackening and decay of roots.

At this time, the leaf surface can be sprayed with 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution, once every 5-7 days. Can also often apply about 0.5% of ferrous sulfate solution for prevention and control.

Anthrax is prone to anthrax if it is overwatered, humid and poorly ventilated. After being infected with this disease, the leaves of the plant fade green, show small yellow spots, and gradually expand into a circle, and the serious leaves will scorch, blacken, and finally fall off.

To prevent and cure the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, or 50% topiramine wettable powder 500 times, should be sprayed every 5 to 10 days.

Root rot disease white orchid too much watering or suffering from waterlogging, it is easy to be infected with this disease, light poor growth, yellow leaves fall off, heavy the whole plant dies.

The prevention and control measures are to improve the soil drainage conditions, and some broken tiles can be put in the basin to facilitate drainage; if watering is dry and wet, water should be watered thoroughly, and attention should be paid to loosening the soil at any time; on cloudy and rainy days, attention should be paid to preventing plants from being drenched by rain, and water in the basin should be dumped in time.

If the plant is infected with this disease, the roots can be irrigated with chemicals such as 65% Dysen 250 times, 50% Dysenamine 250 times, or 50% carbendazim 500 times.

The leaves of the plants damaged by red spiders and shell insects turn yellow and die gradually, and the secretions of these pests can also induce soot disease. Red spiders can be sprayed with 1000 trichlorothioate, or 50% = 1000 times parathion, or diluted with dichlorvos or dimethoate.

White orchid reproduction:

White orchids are mainly propagated by grafting, and they can also be propagated by pressing and sowing.

Grafting propagation often uses magnolia seedlings as rootstocks, usually cutting and leaning grafting.

Cutting can use 1-2-year-old purple magnolia as rootstock, in the sunny day of mid-March, after about 20-30 days, the terminal bud can draw leaves. In the south, it can also be carried out before and after the Autumn Equinox, or budding in August to September.

The whole growing season can be carried out from spring to autumn. It is generally carried out more from April to July. The abutment is best at 70 cm from the ground. The rootstock can choose the purple magnolia which is about 0.6cm thick as the rootstock, select the sturdy white orchid branches of the same thickness as the rootstock as the scion, then cut off the skin and part of the xylem of the rootstock and scion by 6cm in length, and the cutting surface should be smooth. Then align the cambium of the two cutting surfaces and close them together, and fasten them with plastic straps to prevent Rain Water from scouring. After about 50 days, the grafting site healed and could be cut off from the mother plant. It is easy to survive by grafting, but it does not grow vigorously as well as cutting.

There are two kinds of striping reproduction: ordinary crimping and college crimping.

The ordinary pressing is usually carried out from February to March, cut the branch to be taken half the depth from the base, then cut a section up, stuck a tile in the middle, and then gently press it into the soil, do not break it, and then use thick wire to fix the branches in the soil to prevent them from tilting up, and then pile them on the soil. After the root bud is sent out, it can be cut off and planted separately.

Air striping is generally in front of people, select robust and disease-free biennial branches, peel them around 55 cm from the top, the width of the ring is about 2.5 cm, and then apply B12 injection to the notch. then use the opposite bamboo tube or tile body to surround the ring peeling place, tie it with a rope, and fix the bamboo tube or tile bowl, adding human culture soil to the bamboo tube or tile bowl. After that, pay attention to often watering the bamboo tube or tile bowl of the pressed branches, so that the internal soil is moist and dry. For a month or so, cut off a small piece of bark on the same branch 5-7 cm below the ring. At the same time, an appropriate amount of 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution was added to the culture soil. After that, it was cut in different directions in the same place every 10 days or so, in order to gradually reduce the nutrient and water relationship between the pressed branch and the mother, so that after cutting for 3 or 4 times, the ring peeling site could heal and form nodules and root buds appeared.

Sowing and reproduction are generally carried out at the end of September or early October, harvest the mature fruit, take out the seeds, soak them in ash water for 1-2 days, then rub the waxy aril by hand, then wash them with water, and then sow the seeds. If the seeds are not sown at this time, the seeds can be refrigerated with the wet sand stratification method and sowed in the indoor pot in March of the following year. If the seeds are not refrigerated, the seeds will easily lose their germination ability. Seedlings can emerge about 20 days after sowing. Sowing substrate should have good air permeability and water permeability, pay attention to keep moist.

Overwintering: not cold-resistant, except South China, other areas have to go to the room for maintenance in winter, generally before and after Frosts Descent, the white orchid should be moved indoors to the sun for maintenance, the lowest room temperature should be maintained at more than 5 degrees Celsius, the most suitable temperature is about io degrees Celsius, the time to leave the room is from Qingming to Grain Rain, and it should be placed in the sunny shelter after leaving the room.

It is best not to exceed 15 degrees Celsius at room temperature, otherwise the plant will not get dormancy, which will consume a lot of nutrients for a long time, causing the plant to grow weak and fallen leaves. If it is found that the leaves show brown dots, dry tips, and then fall off in winter, the new leaves will soon fall off, indicating that the temperature is too high.

In order to ensure that the white orchid can survive the winter safely, we should also pay attention to the following points during indoor maintenance: see if there is air leakage in the place where the white orchid is placed, otherwise the leaves will fall because of the cold wind; look around if there is soot, because the white orchid has poor anti-soot ability, so it is best not to put it in the same room with the coal furnace; always spray or scrub the leaves with warm water to keep the leaves green and beautiful, and increase the humidity.

If you find fallen leaves, you should move to a place with higher room temperature or plenty of light in time to avoid frostbite.

How to reproduce Cymbidium and the method of propagation of Cymbidium

In the method of propagation of Cymbidium, Cymbidium is commonly used in ramet, sowing and tissue culture. Cymbidium can generally be propagated by ramet method, and it is a suitable time for ramet when new buds begin to sprout in spring. The new plant after ramet should have more than 3 pseudobulbs. After cutting and waiting for the wound to dry, the normal plant can split once every 3 years. The tool should be disinfected when ramet, so as not to cause virus infection. The potted Cymbidium should be placed in a warm and humid environment until the new buds protrude from the soil and can be managed according to the normal method.

A. Take the strong plant out of the basin and cut it off from the junction of the pseudocorm with a sharp knife and cut it into several clumps, each with 2 or 3 pseudocorms (one of which must be newly formed in the previous year).

B, smear the incision with sulfur powder or charcoal powder, put the new plant in a dry place and dry for 1 or 2 days, then put it into the basin separately. The suitable time for ramet is after the flower fade to before the new bud grows. If possible, aseptic sowing, fertilized embryo culture, tissue culture and other methods can be used for mass propagation.

C. Note that the pseudo-corms must all expose the surface of the culture soil. Put it in the half-shade and half-sun place after planting, because the cultivated soil is wet, so avoid watering within 1 week after planting, only spray water on the leaf surface (usually spray 4-6 times a day), and gradually turn to normal maintenance after 1 week.

Matters needing attention in ramet Propagation of Cymbidium

A. Cymbidium should be placed in the semi-shade after dividing the plant.

B, can not immediately watering, if found that the basin soil is too dry, you can spray a small amount of water to the page and basin surface

C. The new bud base can be watered normally only after the new root grows.

D. Observe the health of the plant to avoid the phenomenon of leaf drying, shedding and pseudo-bulb shrinkage (rehydration).

2. Sowing and propagation methods of Cymbidium.

It is mainly used for mass propagation of native species and hybrid breeding. The seeds are small and easy to germinate under aseptic conditions, and the germination rate is more than 90%.

3. the method of tissue culture and propagation of Cymbidium.

The buds from the base of the robust mother plant were selected as explants. The bud segments were cut into stem tips of 0.5 mm in diameter and inoculated on the prepared medium. After adding 0.5mg / L 6-benzylaminoadenine to MS medium, protocorms were formed in 52 days. The protocorm was removed from the medium, cut into small pieces and inoculated in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg / L 6-benzylaminoadenine and 0.2mg / L naphthoacetic acid to proliferate the protocorm. The protocorm was continued to be cultured in the proliferation medium, and buds were formed at the top of the protocorm in about 20 days, and the roots were partially rooted in the bud base. After about 90 days, the differentiated plants grew into complete seedlings with 3 or 4 leaves.