What's the best way to raise carnations?

Carnation belongs to the family Caryophyllaceae and Dianthus. Carnation includes many varieties and hybrids. It can blossom continuously in greenhouse, usually with double flowers, colorful flowers and fragrant smell. Carnation is one of the most popular cut flowers, representing good health and good wishes. It can be used for flower arrangement, corsage, etc. The following editor will introduce how to grow carnations.

The growth habits of carnations

1. Lighting conditions: sunshine plants in the genus Carnation, like plenty of sunshine. Except for seedling stage and full flowering stage, there is no need to worry about the harm of strong light, and with the help of auxiliary light, the diameter of Corolla and the freshness of flower color can be increased. There was a significant positive correlation between light intensity and cut flower yield per unit area.

2, temperature conditions: carnations like cool, can not bear the heat, can bear a certain degree of low temperature. If the summer temperature is higher than 35 ℃ and the winter temperature is lower than 9 ℃, the growth is very slow or even stops. In the period of high temperature in summer, corresponding cooling measures should be taken, and plastic film or enter the greenhouse should be covered in winter to maintain the appropriate temperature.

3. Water condition: the root system of carnation is fibrous root, long-term stagnant water or high humidity in soil or medium and long-term high temperature on leaf surface are not conducive to its normal growth and development. Therefore, drip irrigation is advocated, and attention should be paid to water quality and water salt content.

4. Soil conditions: carnations like the soil with good performance of fertilizer conservation, aeration and drainage, among which heavy loam is better. The soil pH value suitable for its growth is 5.6-6.4. Some soil analysis experiments show that the content of soil organic matter has no obvious effect on flowering when the pH value is in the range of 5.95-7.9, which is mainly determined by soil texture.

The breeding method of Carnation

Carnations are mainly propagated by seeds and cuttings. The suitable temperature for seed sowing and germination is 20 ℃, and the time for seed germination is longer, which takes 10 to 15 days. It could not blossom until 140 ~ 160 days after sowing, and the optimum temperature for plant growth was 5 ~ 20 ℃. When the temperature was higher than 30 ℃, the plant stopped growing and even died. Therefore, it should be cultivated in winter and spring in South China. During the Spring Festival flowering production, sowing and cultivation should be carried out in cool areas (high mountains) from August to early September. Carnation pot substrate requires good drainage and rich in organic matter, and the cultivation environment requires plenty of sunshine. If the temperature is too high or the light is not enough, the plant is easy to grow, the branch is slender, the plant type is poor, and it is not easy to bloom.

Seedling-raising techniques of Carnation

For a long time, the vast majority of flower farmers rely on self-propagation, always using the method of selecting the middle lateral buds from the mother plants of the flower-picking field, and the seedlings are used repeatedly for many generations, resulting in a decline in the quality of seedlings. The quality of seedlings will directly affect the growth potential of plants in the field after planting and the yield and quality of flowers in the future. Therefore, the mother nursery and ear picking nursery should be established during cultivation, and the techniques are as follows:

1. Seedling bed preparation: Carnation belongs to the root plant, which requires loose, permeable, water storage and fertilizer-preserving soil conditions to grow; the seedling bed soil is better with peat or other medium dominated by peat; enough fertilizer is applied in the medium, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and some trace elements; a large amount of water is poured three days before planting to make the soil fully moist The thickness of the medium is at least 20 cm, so as to ensure that the mother carnation has enough long roots in the soil layer, absorb nutrients, grow and develop normally; the seedbed or border should be established according to the specifications of greenhouse or greenhouse; the height of seedbed should be 80 cm 100 cm, and the depth of seedbed should be 25 cm 30 cm, not less than 20 cm.

2. introduction of female parents: varieties are selected according to the requirements of the market and the ecological environment of local cultivation, and excellent varieties with high yield, good quality, strong growth, strong disease resistance and good stress resistance are introduced, and carefully nurtured according to the characteristics of each variety; then take strong cuttings, cuttings take root to obtain high-quality and strong seedlings, set up a nursery and produce commercial seedlings

3. Mother nursery cultivation

① shelter from rain: in order to ensure the robust growth of seedlings, the use of plastic greenhouse for rain shelter cultivation of carnation mother nursery and nursery is a very good measure.

② density: there is a great relationship between planting density and cuttings yield; selecting reasonable cultivation density is not only conducive to plant ventilation and light transmission, but also conducive to the formation of a high-yield population structure, increase effective branches; generally use the density of about 50 plants per square meter; carnation planting should grasp the principle of shallow planting as far as possible; watering well after planting, watering enough with root water, so that the root system is in full contact with the soil; stem rot is easy to occur if the planting is too deep.

③ field management: there are a large number of white roots in the roots, indicating that the female seedlings have survived, and water should be slowly controlled to ensure the development of the roots; fertilizer should be applied once every 7 to 10 days, and insecticides and fungicides should be sprayed once according to the seedling condition; when the plant grows to 7 leaves and 1 heart, it can begin to pick the heart and leave 5 pairs of leaves according to the branching ability of the varieties, in case the lateral branches will pick ears later. Normally, it is not used for raising seedlings, but can be used as tissue culture material to rejuvenate and retain seeds; when the lateral branches grow to 7 leaves and 1 heart, they can start to pick ears; generally, 3 pairs of leaves are left on the female parent, and the cuttings are fixed with rubber bands every 25 to 30 branches, put into cartons or plastic boxes and stored in 1 / 2 ℃ cold storage.