Science and technology to tackle key problems with "fire" cold vegetables

In August, most parts of the country, from south to north, are experiencing the midsummer "barbecue" pattern, while in Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia, it has a cool breeze and has the flavor of early autumn. Due to altitude and latitude, even from July to September, the average temperature here will not exceed 25 ℃. Climate is also a kind of resource, such as the cultivation of cool vegetables in Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia in recent years, which is developed rapidly by taking advantage of the difference in temperature and humidity between here and the whole country in the same period.

Innovating Integrated Technology to overcome the difficult problem of planting Cold vegetables

The so-called cold vegetables refer to the vegetables suitable for summer production in cold climate areas, including cabbage, Chinese cabbage, carrots, onions, potatoes and so on. Due to the general high temperature throughout the country from July to September, and at high altitude and high latitudes, cool vegetables are just growing at this time, and they are listed in the wrong season with vegetables in the south, the market advantage is self-evident.

Wulanchabu City is one of the northern summer cold vegetable bases developed in recent years, especially after the expert team led by Fang Zhiyuan, academician of vegetable and Flower Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, established the country's first academician expert workstation with cold vegetable industry as the research direction in 2012, the development of cold vegetables based on cabbage cultivation has made a qualitative leap.

"there are three major problems in cabbage cultivation in China, one is the promotion of disease-resistant and stress-resistant varieties, the second is the low efficiency of pest control, the large amount of chemical pesticides, and the third is the low utilization rate of water and fertilizer and high labor cost. Over the past few years, our scientific research and technical demonstration have mainly focused on these three aspects. " Yang Limei, moderator of the vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the project host of "cabbage green technology integration for increasing production and increasing efficiency".

In Cao Siyao Village, Xinghe County, Wulanchabu City, there are 100 mu demonstration fields of cabbage green technology for increasing production and increasing efficiency, and three cabbage varieties: Zhonggan 21, Zhonggan 628 and Zhonggan 192 are demonstrated, and the one with the best growth is Academician Fang Zhiyuan's "proud work"-Zhonggan 21. Sowing on April 20, planting on May 10, about three months, you can see a piece of green cabbage spread in front of your eyes, many balls tight, and the color is beautiful.

Guan Huiming, a researcher at the Wulanchabu Science and Technology Bureau and a local science and technology commissioner at the academician's expert workstation, told us that the first success of this demonstration field is that the varieties are good, and the cabbage varieties of the Zhonggan series are resistant to cracking and resistant to storage and transportation. it has surpassed the Korean variety Tietou series. Secondly, a series of green cultivation techniques for increasing production and increasing efficiency were adopted, such as solar energy insecticidal lamp, sex attractant, biological pesticide, drip irrigation under plastic film, reasonable close planting and so on. "through the combination of integrated technology, the use of chemical pesticides in our demonstration fields has been reduced by 30%, irrigation water by more than 30%, and labor by more than 20%. The demonstration variety has increased by 810% over the control variety (Tietou 4). The increment is 300,000,500 yuan per mu." Guan Huiming said.

Driven by the research and demonstration of the integrated mode of cabbage green technology with high yield and high efficiency, the planting of cabbage in Wulanchabu alone is more than 40,000 mu. There are 5 large area demonstration areas of surrounding farmers, each of which covers an area of about 100mu, and further radiates to Zhangjiakou and Chengde areas of Hebei Province, with a total area of 8 ~ 100000 mu.

With high yield and good quality, there are new ways to increase farmers' income.

Cabbage, that is, cabbage on our daily table, is often cold, which requires a high taste of cabbage. At the cold vegetable academician workstation base, the staff cut the newly picked "Zhonggan 21" and the original local main variety "Tietou 4" for everyone to taste. "Tietou 4" has a slightly spicy taste. "Zhonggan 21" is more crisp and sweet. Wang Hanzhong, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said with a smile: "it can be eaten as a fruit." Perhaps it is precisely because of this subtle difference in taste that cabbage varieties selected by our country have been very popular in the market in recent years.

Zhao Lin, a 46-year-old native of Chengde, Hebei province, used to be a vegetable seller. In 2003, he began to contract 2500 mu of transfer land in Cao Siyao village to grow vegetables. Three years ago, he took out 100 mu of land to try to grow cabbage. At that time, he planted "Zhonggan 11". Last year, he planted "Zhonggan 21", and the results were very gratifying.

"the yield is particularly high, the yield per mu has reached nearly 9000 jin per mu, and the quality is also very good. Last year, the purchase price reached 1.20 yuan per jin, and the maximum value of other varieties was 0.60 yuan. Most of the purchasers come from Beijing and Tianjin, and as far away as Suzhou, Hangzhou and even Guangdong. When they get to the land, they directly ask if there is a 'Zhonggan 21', no matter how many they are, they will accept it all according to the order. It was wrapped in a film, loaded with a refrigerated truck and transported directly away. "

Last year was the "big year" of the cabbage market, and farmers increased their production and income. with the expansion of the planting area of cabbage, coupled with the abundance of Rain Water this year, the cabbage in the field was another bumper harvest, but the price of cabbage was like a roller coaster. Zhao Lin told reporters: "two years of huge profits, one year of small profits, one year even, a year of loss and profit." This is basically the price cycle of kale. It is understood that the purchase price of cabbage has fallen to the bottom this year, from 1.2 yuan last year to 0.2 yuan now. Zhao Lin seems very calm about this collapse. "the price of 0.2 yuan is just enough for a good variety like 'Zhonggan 21'. If you can't come back next year, I still have confidence in this kind of variety with high output and good quality."

Strengthen technical support to make the industry go further

The development of advantageous industries is the main idea for local economic development and poverty alleviation in recent years, and science and technology plays an important role in supporting industrial development. In addition to setting up academician expert workstations and setting up local posts of science and technology ombudsmen, the vegetable Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences also makes use of its own professional advantages to cater to the needs of farmers, farms and large growers. Provide remote diagnosis, technical training, on-site guidance and experimental demonstration. From the promotion of new varieties to scientific cultivation and management, it is of great help to improve the quality and efficiency of the industry. But production is on the one hand, and the market is on the other. "We have been thinking about whether it is a technology-guided industry or a market-guided industry. In fact, neither of these can be ignored. Our agricultural science and technology has brought a bumper harvest to farmers, and we have to help them increase their income after a bumper harvest." Lu Jianzhong, deputy director of the Science and Technology Administration of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said.

Chongli District, located in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, is a famous ski resort in China. Because of its long and narrow terrain, cool and short summer, it is especially suitable for growing cold vegetables. Driving along the mountain road, cabbage is planted on both sides of the road. Su Yuyuan, director of the vegetable Institute of Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said proudly: "We here are ten thousand mu of cabbage planting belt, and the climate here does not grow any vegetables well, except cabbage. Ordinary people also increase their income by growing kale. "

Ma Zhangzi Village also belongs to this ten thousand mu cabbage belt. The price of cabbage is not good this year. Local scientists and technicians have organized farmers to postpone planting and sow seeds in mid-May. By the time of harvest, the purchase price of cabbage has gone from 0.2 yuan to 0.5 yuan, ensuring no loss.

"taking into account the fluctuations in vegetable prices in the market, we will develop different characteristics of different varieties in breeding, giving farmers a variety of choices. The quality of Zhonggan 21 is good, and we also have the newly bred Zhonggan 588 and Zhonggan 590, which are characterized by a long picking time of up to 25 days, so that farmers can adjust their supply according to changes in the market. " Yang Limei said. In addition, since the market prefers kale that weighs about 1 kilogram and weighs about 2 jin and can be held in one hand, scientists and technicians will also teach farmers to control water and fertilizer so as not to let the kale grow too big.

"cold vegetables" is a unique concept in our country, and it is also faced with the opportunities and challenges encountered in the process of transformation and upgrading of vegetable industry. in front of the market, scientific research should respect market laws and make use of market laws in order to give full play to the supporting role of science and technology.