To produce good milk for a source

In recent years, with the improvement of the ability of scientific and technological innovation, the transformation and upgrading of China's dairy industry has been accelerated obviously, and the development pattern of modern dairy industry has initially taken shape. However, the low production efficiency and core competitiveness is still a difficult problem for the development of dairy industry.

Last year, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences launched the project "Research and demonstration of Integrated Technology Model for improving quality and efficiency of Dairy cows". At present, the project has constructed a series of production technology models for improving quality and efficiency in dairy cow production areas such as Heilongjiang, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and Hebei, and achieved remarkable results after demonstration and application.

Feel the pulse for the cow "diagnosis"

A few days ago, the reporter came to the dairy farm of the Jiusan Agricultural Reclamation Xinhai Dairy Cooperatives in Heilongjiang Province, which is located at the junction of Meiris District, Gannan County and Longjiang County in Qiqihar City. It is a world-recognized "golden cow belt".

Last year, the Joint Academy of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences belonged to 4 research institutes, 9 local institutes, universities and technical extension departments, which solved all aspects of production problems in Xinhai Dairy Farm through collaborative technological innovation, reducing production costs and increasing production capacity. The average yield of dairy cows in this farm has increased from 8.67 tons last year to 9.4 tons now, an increase of 8.42 percent.

Zhang Junmin, chief scientist of the dairy cow quality improvement project, said that the collaborative project includes eight technologies, including the application and evaluation of dairy cow total mixed diet (TMR), key techniques for early calf breeding, efficient reproduction of dairy cows, determination of cow production performance, prevention and control of mastitis, and prevention and control of brucellosis in dairy cows.

Among them, the application and evaluation technology of dairy cow total mixed diet used whole plant silage corn to produce diet, which increased the feed conversion rate, reduced the incidence of metabolic diseases such as rumen acidosis in dairy cows, and reduced feed cost by 5.1%.

Through the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis and prevention and control of brucellosis, the incidence of dairy cow mastitis has been reduced by more than 8%, and the cure rate has reached more than 85%. After the application of these technologies by the Nongken Xinhai Dairy Society, the cost of veterinary drugs decreased by 18.6%; the milk fat and milk protein in fresh milk increased significantly, the number of somatic cells was less than 300000 per milliliter, the total number of bacteria decreased significantly, and the quality exceeded that of foreign imported milk.

Chen Mengshan, secretary of the party group of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that a prominent problem facing China's dairy industry is its low competitiveness, which is a compound problem, which requires the cooperation of different technical fields to form a comprehensive solution in which many fields cooperate with each other. It is necessary to create an one-stop mode of scientific research organization in the dairy industry, so that scientists can realize scientific research from laboratories to farms.

The "difficulty in selling milk" continues.

After the "heavy blow" of the melamine incident in 2008, in recent years, the state has issued and improved a number of dairy regulations, policies and standards, and vigorously carried out the rectification and revitalization of the dairy industry. a series of policy measures have been implemented, such as subsidy for improved breeds of dairy cows, standardized large-scale farming, revitalization of dairy alfalfa development action and so on. A number of enterprises with unguaranteed milk sources and backward production technology have been eliminated, the merger and reorganization of infant formula enterprises have been vigorously promoted, the industrial structure has been optimized, and the quality and safety of dairy products have been effectively guaranteed.

There are 15.07 million dairy cows in China in 2015, of which more than 80% are Holstein and improved cattle, and the total yield and per unit yield are among the highest in the world. At the same time, the degree of large-scale breeding is improved. In 2015, the scale level of more than 100 columns was close to 50%, an increase of nearly 30 percentage points over 2008. The national mechanized milking rate is more than 90%, and the processing plants have a higher level of pipelization, automation and intelligence.

In addition, the product quality has been significantly improved. The qualified rate of illegal additives in fresh milk has been maintained at 100% for seven consecutive years, and the average values of protein and fat have reached 3.14% and 3.69% respectively, and the main quality and health indicators have reached the level of developed countries. The national qualified rate of dairy products in 2015 was 99.67%.

In the cruel market competition, Yili, Mengniu, Guangming, modern animal husbandry, Feihe, Sanyuan and other dairy enterprises have come to the fore, regardless of technical equipment, facilities, or quality scale, quality supervision, have made considerable progress. And it is becoming more and more well-known in the world. Junlebao won the A+ certification of the European Union in 2015, and Modern Animal Husbandry and Feihe Dairy both won the gold medal at this year's World Food quality Evaluation Conference.

"at present, the development of China's dairy industry is in the best period of historical development, and the overall quality of the industry has improved steadily." Ma Ying, deputy director of the Dairy Management Office of the Animal Husbandry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said, "of course, the difficulties faced by the dairy industry should be faced squarely." She believes that the primary problem at present is that it is "difficult to sell milk". The consumption of the dairy industry has increased by 19.3%, but it has not led to the simultaneous expansion of production. On the contrary, imported dairy products are growing massively, resulting in a prominent "difficulty in selling milk" in China. 10% of the main producing areas cannot be sold, and dairy farms are also difficult to operate. Secondly, the competitiveness of the dairy industry is not strong. China is a big dairy country, but it is not a powerful dairy country. Our dairy industry has a weak foundation and a poor foundation, and it is still at a disadvantage in competition with foreign countries. The cost of fresh milk in China is 60% higher than that in foreign countries, and the tariff is 1/5 of the world level. The third is the lack of consumer confidence and skepticism about the quality of domestic dairy products.

Milk is expensive in freshness.

In 2015, China imported 1.611 million tons of dairy products (excluding infant formula), equivalent to 10.03 million tons of raw milk (according to domestic algorithm), accounting for about 27% of the national milk production. In the face of the huge impact of imported milk, the competitive pressure of domestic dairy enterprises is great.

Gao Hongbin, president of the China Dairy Association, believes that the biggest advantage of domestic dairy enterprises is that they are fresh and should give full play to their local location advantages. "the greatest advantage of the integration of pastures and processing plants and zero distance is that they can be processed at low temperature, have the lowest thermal damage, have no transportation or storage process, enter the processing state in the shortest possible time, and maximize the retention of active substances. Therefore, the shorter the time and the closer the distance, the greater the advantage. " Gao Hongbin said.

Based on the local market, Weigang Dairy in Nanjing firmly grasps the word "fresh" to ensure that low-temperature milk is delivered to consumers' homes every morning, thus achieving a stable milk source, stable customers and stable milk prices.

Li Shengli, a professor at China Agricultural University, believes that milk is expensive in freshness, and consumers are encouraged to drink pasteurized milk, which can not only kill pathogenic bacteria, but also maximize the activity of biomass in fresh milk. the whole process of production, processing, transportation and sale is required to be carried out under 2 ℃ to 6 ℃ cold chain conditions, with a shelf life of 2 to 7 days. The imported liquid milk generally comes from Spain, France, Germany, New Zealand, Australia and other countries, with a shelf life of almost 9 to 12 months.

"whether from the perspective of nutrition or from the perspective of health and safety, the faster dairy products enter the human body, the better. Foreign dairy products come to China across oceans, which is contrary to this nutritional principle. The future development direction of the dairy industry is pasteurized milk. " Gu Cheng, secretary general of China Dairy Association, told reporters.

But at the same time, he also said that the development of pasteurized milk does not exclude normal temperature milk. Because at present and for a long time in the future, normal temperature milk will occupy a higher share of the market, and it is an important carrier to improve the nutrition of our people. If the dairy industry wants to develop continuously and healthily, it must speed up the adjustment of industrial structure, enhance the competitiveness of national dairy industry and reshape the image of Chinese dairy industry.