Shandong pilot intercropping technology: corn does not reduce peanut yield more than 300 jin

Last year, the State Council issued opinions on speeding up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, proposing to "vigorously promote corn / peanut (soybean) intercropping in Huang-Huai-Hai region".

It has the basis for large-scale promotion, which is conducive to alleviating the tightening problem of oil supply and promoting the structural reform on the agricultural supply side. "

The yield of summer corn is basically not reduced, with an extra harvest of three to four hundred jin of peanuts.

"We have been promoting this technology there for several years, and the effect is very good. In 2014, the experimental field of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences was located in my field. Finally, the yield was measured, the yield per mu was more than 1100 jin of summer corn and 350 jin of summer peanuts, and the effect of increasing income was very obvious. " At the meeting, Guo Yubao, a big grain grower from Li Louzhai Village, Pulianji Town, Cao County, said.

According to Wan Shubo, with a view to ensuring the safety of the country's grain and oil and promoting the increase of farmers' income, and focusing on breaking through the contradictions such as the struggle for land for grain and oil, the struggle for grain and livestock, and the incoordination of planting and breeding, since 2010, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has begun to study and promote the planting model of peanut / corn intercropping. The technical model adheres to the research idea of "stabilizing maize yield and increasing peanut efficiency", focuses on giving full play to the dual advantages of maize marginal effect and peanut biological nitrogen fixation, and fully taps the production potential of maize per plant. under the premise of ensuring the maize yield is basically not reduced, by compressing the row spacing of corn plants and extruding broad-band intercropping peanuts, the balanced increase of grain and oil can be realized.

The meeting visited the experimental field in Xiao Li Lou Village, Liangcun Town, Gaotang County, which is owned by Li Hongmu, a well-known grain grower. He calculated an account for the reporter: in the past, only corn was planted, and the maximum yield per mu could reach 1200 jin, but now it costs 80 cents per jin of corn, with a gross income of about 1000 yuan; now it adopts the "wide intercropping model," which can produce 1000 to 1100 jin of corn per mu and 300 to 350 jin of peanuts. Corn can be sold for 900yuan, peanuts can be sold for less than a thousand yuan, and gross income has increased to more than 1900 yuan.

The improved varieties and methods have been matched and have the basis for large-scale popularization.

At the scene of the meeting, the reporter saw a new type of machinery-- "corn / peanut wide intercropping integrated seeder." According to reports, the machine, jointly developed by the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong University of Technology, integrates "ploughing, corn sowing, and peanut sowing". It has the advantages of high efficiency and good quality, and is convenient for field management and mechanized harvesting operations.

Zhang Zheng, head of the subject experiment and director of the Scientific Research Department of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that for seven consecutive years, the innovation team has carried out large-scale experiments and demonstrations of maize / peanut intercropping patterns in different ecological regions such as Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Jilin. Great progress has been made in the research on planting patterns, variety selection, plant protection technology and agricultural machinery, and the combination of improved varieties and methods and agronomic machinery has been realized. It has laid the foundation for large-scale popularization.

In terms of cultivation model, corn / peanut = 2 ∶ 4 model was suitable for high fertility plot, and 3 ∶ 4 model was suitable for medium fertility plot. In the aspect of plant protection technology, the formula of special fertilizer for corn and peanut intercropping was developed, and the pre-seedling herbicides suitable for corn and peanut crops were selected. In the aspect of supporting machinery research and development, an all-in-one sowing machine capable of sowing at the same time, adjustable row-to-plant ratio and field belt isolation spraying machinery have been developed, which has basically realized the whole mechanized operation from seed to harvest.

To alleviate the contradictions such as the struggle for land for grain and oil, the competition for grain and livestock, and the incoordination of planting and breeding.

As to why the intercropping model was put forward and studied, Zhang Zheng said that the first thing is to alleviate the contradiction between grain and oil for land. In recent years, in order to ensure food security, the contradiction between grain and oil for land has intensified, and China's oil self-sufficiency rate has dropped by nearly 50%. On the other hand, the wide intercropping technology of corn / peanut can give full play to the marginal effect of maize per plant, increase peanut yield under the condition of ensuring stable yield of corn, and realize simultaneous and balanced yield increase of grain and oil.

Secondly, it is to alleviate the contradiction between people and animals for food. In recent years, the import pressure of corn and forage grass in China has increased, and there is an urgent need to break through the problem of food competition between people and animals. The corn straw and peanut stem and vine shell produced by corn / peanut wide intercropping mode can be processed into high quality forage grass by crushing processing, silage, microsilage, ammoniation and other feeding treatment, so as to alleviate the contradiction between human and livestock for grain.

Secondly, it is to solve the problem of incoordination between planting and land cultivation. At present, the single planting system and unreasonable chemical input and other factors lead to the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, soil consolidation, the decline of soil fertility, and the ability of sustainable yield increase in grain fields has been tested. This model introduces legume crop peanut, uses peanut nitrogen fixation to realize the combination of land planting and cultivation, has the function of improving soil and reducing diseases, and can reduce chemical fertilizer, pesticide and other inputs by more than 10%.

"in the future, in addition to continuing to study the standardized planting mode and efficient matching agricultural machinery adapted to different ecological regions, and continue to improve the efficient planting technology system of this intercropping model, we should also strengthen the research on the comprehensive utilization of peanut meal instead of soybean meal, peanut stem vine and corn straw mixed silage, so as to establish a complete and efficient breeding technology system." Wan Shubo said.

Our reporter Lv Bingbing intern Jiang Xinran