Ecological emission reduction route map of a sheep

How can a sheep increase production, increase efficiency and be green?

Recently, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences held a "sheep green yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing technology integrated on-site observation activity" held in Yongchang County, Gansu Province. the researchers gave the answer: led by the Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of the institute and joined with a number of departments, units and experts to form a collaborative research team to establish a technical R & D and promotion platform for the combination of industry, university and government of "scientific research unit + local government + enterprise + professional cooperative". Eight efficient new technologies, such as alpine merino sheep breeding improvement and cross improvement technology, are integrated in the demonstration area of Sunan County, Gansu Province, which can increase the average daily gain of sheep to 233g, increase the double lamb rate by 14%, and increase the income of each sheep by 174 yuan (meat and wool). Moreover, the pollution in the breeding process can be controlled, and zero discharge of sheep dung can be achieved.

"in addition to the eight core technologies of green production and efficiency of sheep in pastoral areas, we have also integrated eight core technologies of green production and efficiency of mutton sheep in the whole industry chain of mutton sheep in rural areas, which have been popularized and applied in production. Alpine Merino new breeds and Hu sheep and other high-yield breeds have laid a solid foundation for the development of sheep industry in the demonstration area. The project has also made breakthroughs in the adjustment of the sheep industrial structure, the transformation and upgrading of the mode of production, the maintenance of grassland ecological balance and the improvement of quality and efficiency. " Yang Bohui, chief scientist of the sheep green technology integration and demonstration project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and lead unit of Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, said that the combination of planting and breeding, resources and ecological environment, among them, crop straw feed biological treatment, solid-liquid two-stage high efficiency biogas and organic fertilizer fermentation technology and other key technologies. The whole industry chain model of ecological green cycle in the production of mutton sheep in rural areas has been formed, which has led to the improvement of the quality and efficiency of commercial sheep in the demonstration area.

Technology integration

Eight core technologies to save cost and increase efficiency in sheep industry

For a long time, the sheep industry in China's pastoral areas has followed the traditional backward production mode of "raising livestock by nature and grazing in the four seasons", with extensive feeding management and less manual intervention in the feeding process, especially after ewes give birth to lambs without artificial intervention in weaning, which leads to great pressure on summer pastures, serious overloading, slow growth of lambs, low price, slow recovery of ewes, and high time and space pregnancy rate of mating in that year. The lambing rate and lamb survival rate in the next year were low.

"extensive feeding and management, low lambing rate of ewes, long lactation period, slow growth of lambs, long feeding cycle, low production rate and low breeding efficiency were once the problems we faced." Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in Gansu Province is a large mutton sheep breeding county dominated by grassland animal husbandry, and it is the representative and dominant area of mutton sheep breeding in the pastoral areas of northwest China. An Yufeng, director of Huangcheng Sheep breeding Farm in Sunan County, told reporters that since the implementation of the research and demonstration project on the integrated technology of green sheep production and efficiency, in order to solve this problem, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in conjunction with the technical strength of eight related research institutes and demonstration areas, starts with the whole sheep industry chain in pastoral areas. It integrates the techniques of breeding improvement and cross improvement of alpine Merino sheep, twin immunity of sheep, efficient breeding technology of "two-year triplet" and multiple gene detection, main epidemic disease prevention and control technology, timely weaning technology of lamb, grassland fattening lamb formula straight-line fattening technology, mutton slaughtering and segmentation processing technology, "Ten Unification" high-quality fine wool standardized production technology, Internet + pastoral area green sheep industry and other efficient new technologies.

"the integration of these technologies has comprehensively broken through the technical bottleneck of green sheep production and efficiency in pastoral areas, highlighted the huge demonstration radiation driving effect in pastoral areas, reduced the production cost of sheep industry in pastoral areas, improved its comprehensive benefits, and promoted the development and growth of sheep industry in pastoral areas." Yang Zhiqiang, director of Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said.

"taking the timely weaning technique of lambs in pastoral areas as an example, we guaranteed to eat colostrum within 1-3 days of lamb birth, began feeding training at 10-15 days, began to supplement milk substitutes for lambs at 15-20 days, weaned and stopped feeding liquid lambs at 3 months of age, and went straight into the fattening period. At the same time, the mating time of ewes was advanced from November to December to September to October, and the lambing time was advanced from April to May to February to March. " Niu Chune, an associate researcher at Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Medicine, said that the use of this technology has changed the traditional mode of production in the vast pastoral areas of our country. Before entering the summer pasture in June every year, the lambs are weaned at the age of 3 to 4 months, which can reduce the pressure on the summer pasture by about 1 pm. The ewe's body condition recovers well, the empty breeding rate is reduced by about 10%, and the lamb survival rate is increased by about 15%.

The reporter learned in the interview that in the pastoral area of Sunan County, the average daily weight gain of the demonstration sheep of the project increased by 103 grams, with a net profit of 117 yuan per lamb. In the agricultural area of Yongchang County, the daily gain of fattening mutton sheep has also been increased by more than 50 grams, the cost has been saved by more than 10%, and the breeding benefit has been increased by 15%.

Fecal pollution treatment

Small cycle of enterprises, large cycle of industry, waste into resources

Pastoral areas and agricultural areas are affected by farming in almost two directions. Sheep manure is a natural organic fertilizer for pastoral areas, while for agricultural areas, where the commercialization of aquaculture is relatively high, sheep dung treatment is a very important link in aquaculture. After all, getting rich brought about by breeding cannot be at the expense of the link.

"what we call 'green production and efficiency', first of all, the breeding environment is clean, disease and epidemic prevention should meet the national safety production standards, and the wastes produced in the breeding process should not have a negative impact on the surrounding environment." Yang Bohui said. Ecological recycling agriculture is an effective way to realize the self-absorption and resource utilization of aquaculture manure.

In Yongchang County, Yuansheng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. is a company specializing in ecological recycling agriculture relying on the local mutton sheep industry. "We mainly use the straw of major local crops, such as wheat, barley, corn, and so on, to make sheep fodder. The sheep manure produced has two main destinations. One is to use it in biogas projects. At present, our biogas project has reached 6000 cubic meters. In addition to being used for production and life in the factory area, it is also used for the living energy of the surrounding residents. Another destination is to make organic fertilizer, which is returned to barley, wheat, corn, alfalfa and other crops, of which alfalfa is a high-quality feed that can be used to feed sheep. " Zhang Xiyun, chairman of Yuansheng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., said.

"the use of organic fertilizer is very widespread, and due to the long-term use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural areas, the quality of cultivated land has declined, and the yield and quality of crops have been affected. The production and use of organic fertilizer can not only eliminate the pollution of aquaculture, but also provide safe and effective fertilizer for planting industry. " Yang Bohui said.

It is understood that Yongchang County fences about 1.6 million sheep every year, and the sheep manure produced can basically be converted into resources through biogas projects and the production of organic fertilizer. "We still have 20% of the organic fertilizer for export, which is also very popular in the market." Zhang Xiyun said.

Postpartum processing

Build the production mode of green mutton sheep in the whole industry chain

The realization of economic benefits of mutton sheep industry depends on building the whole industry chain and realizing the organic combination of industry chain and value chain. Yongchang County is one of the major sheep-raising counties in Gansu Province, and it is not only an advantageous area for mutton sheep breeding, but also a research and demonstration area for the green yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing technology integration model of the whole industry chain of mutton sheep in the agricultural area of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. "how to save costs and increase efficiency and improve the competitiveness of the county's mutton sheep industry is a problem that we have been thinking about." Liu Ming, deputy magistrate of Yongchang County, told reporters that in recent years, in order to improve the competitiveness of mutton sheep industry, Yongchang demonstration area focuses on integrating eight efficient new integrated technologies, such as the best hybrid combination model between Hu sheep and imported mutton sheep, feed processing technology, main disease prevention technology, linear fattening technology, mutton ice temperature fresh-keeping technology, mutton traceability technology, biogas and organic fertilizer production technology, etc., realizing the sheep industry to reduce cost and increase efficiency. Efforts have been made to create a green mutton sheep production model of the whole industry chain of "integrated ecological cycle of breeding, breeding, addition and marketing" in rural areas, which makes full use of local breed resources, pays equal attention to purebred propagation and efficient hybrid utilization, and improves the utilization rate of high-quality breeder sheep. it has led to the improvement of quality and efficiency of commercial sheep production in the demonstration area.

"the key to improving the competitiveness of the sheep industry is to grasp the new situation of the sheep industry in the new period, such as the decline of high sheep prices, the accelerated recovery of production, the sharp decline in breeding efficiency, and the increasing impact of imports, and adhere to the problem orientation. clear new ideas for the development of the sheep industry." Li Jinxiang believes that in order to do this well, four outstanding problems must be solved: first, to increase the proportion of large-scale farming and change the backward mode of production; second, to strengthen the cultivation of specialized varieties and improve the level of production; and third, to improve the comparative efficiency of breeding. expand the total amount of female livestock farming; fourth, narrow the internal and external price difference of sheep and eliminate the impact of imports.

"Sheep industry is an important part of herbivorous animal husbandry in China, and plays a very important role in the national meat safety supply strategy. Mutton production must maintain sustained and stable development, which is the overall need of meat safety and social stability in our country." Li Jinxiang believes that in the future, the sustainable and stable development of the sheep industry must closely rely on scientific and technological innovation, and at the same time explore the sustainable development path of the combination of planting and breeding and ecological cycle.