The integration of water and fertilizer to break the "hoop spell"

A few days ago, at the high-level forum on "one control and two reductions" held in Beijing, relevant experts believed that China's agricultural production has long been over-developed and utilized by cultivated land and water resources, and is faced with the shackles of resource conditions and ecological environment. This forces us to change the mode of agricultural development and achieve sustainable agricultural development.

Under this realistic background, the Ministry of Agriculture has put forward the goal of "one control, two reduction" to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution by 2020. "one control" means strictly controlling the total amount of agricultural water, vigorously developing water-saving agriculture, and "two reductions" refers to reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and implementing zero growth actions in chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

To achieve this goal, we must ultimately rely on the progress of agricultural science and technology. "among them, the integration of water and fertilizer is very critical, which is called the 'No.1 technology' to save water, lose weight and increase efficiency." The relevant experts said.

The agricultural "flood and fertilizer" model has come to an end.

It can be said that the increase in agricultural production in China has been achieved on the basis of long-term input of 'big water, big fertilizer and big medicine', which has caused a lot of resource and environmental problems. With the proposal of the policy goal of "one control, two reductions", this extensive agricultural development model will also come to an end. " Sun Shubao, chairman of the China Pesticide Industry Association.

Zhong Luyi, deputy director of the farming and Fertilizer Department of the planting and Industry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said, "in the coming stage, we will face the growing pressure of agricultural production and supply. We should not only control the growth of agricultural water consumption, but also ensure the security of major food and the effective supply of major agricultural products."

What is high efficiency and water saving in agricultural production? "Irrigation water accounts for about 90% of agricultural water use in China, so efficient water-saving in a general sense is the efficient use of irrigation water." Wu Yuqin, director of the water-saving irrigation department of the China Irrigation and drainage Development Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, said that through the development of high efficiency and water saving, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer can be increased by 20%. In the case of a high technical level, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer can even reach 40% to 50%. "

China's outline of the 13th five-year Plan clearly points out that during the 13th five-year Plan, the area of high-efficiency and water-saving irrigation will be increased by 100 million mu, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will be increased to more than 0.55. " Gao Xiangzhao, chief expert of the National Agricultural Technology Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, stressed that with the continuous promotion of rural land circulation, in the context of profound changes in agricultural production, it is an inevitable choice to control agricultural water consumption and improve irrigation efficiency.

The integration of water and fertilizer can improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer

The extensive production of "big water, big fertilizer and big medicine" not only pollutes the ecological environment, but also causes public concern about food safety, and there is an uproar of public opinion on the demonization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. "Zero growth of chemical fertilizers and pesticides doesn't mean we don't use chemical fertilizers and pesticides anymore." Zhong Luhu said: "Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not only the product of modern agricultural development, but also an important standard for the progress of agricultural science and technology, and have played an indispensable role in ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products and stabilizing farmers' income." Therefore, the evaluation of them should be scientific, objective and fair. "

The low utilization rate and unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer is one of the main factors leading to the high cost of agricultural production and heavy burden on farmers in our country. "the amount of chemical fertilizer in China's agriculture accounts for half of all kinds of input costs except labor, which bears the pressure of saving costs and increasing income of a large number of farmers." Gao Xiangzhao believes that the integration of water and fertilizer can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and chemical fertilizers, and is an important technical measure for increasing agricultural production, increasing farmers' income, and "one control and two reductions," as well as an important means to alleviate the pressure on the agricultural ecological environment.

Although the technology is good, the key is to make farmers know how to use it.

With the continuous promotion of agricultural modernization, farmers' demand for labor-saving, time-saving and labor-saving is increasing. "the integration of water and fertilizer can achieve the goals of water saving, drought resistance and ecological environmental protection, so it is imperative to vigorously promote the integration of water and fertilizer." Gu Zongqin, chairman of China Nitrogenous Fertilizer Industry Association, said.

However, promoting the integrated development of water and fertilizer is by no means a simple "one-size-fits-all, one-two". The implementation Plan for promoting the Integration of Water and Fertilizer (2016-2020) issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture makes it clear that the technical extension area of water and fertilizer integration will reach 150 million mu by 2020, with an increase of 80 million mu. The target task of increasing grain production by 45 billion jin, saving 15 billion square meters of water, saving 300000 tons of fertilizer, and increasing efficiency by 50 billion yuan.

"in recent years, the integration of water and fertilizer in China has developed rapidly, from the initial use of cash crops to field crops, from the initial facility agriculture to field production, and from the initial application in the northwest arid areas to the whole country." Du Sen, director of the Water Saving Technology Department of the National Agricultural Technology Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, said, "at the beginning, the input cost of the integration of water and fertilizer was relatively high, with two to three thousand yuan per mu of land, but now through our localized research and development, the cost has been greatly reduced. In many places, basic equipment can be equipped with less than 1,000 yuan. The decline in costs has made it generally acceptable to farmers. "

As China has a vast area and great regional differences, the planting system and soil types show a diversified trend, therefore, the promotion of water and fertilizer integration should pay attention to technology integration and carry out demonstration according to local conditions. research and development of appropriate technical models for different regions and different crops. "some modern technologies, such as automatic monitoring technology, can be applied to achieve accurate fertilization through real-time monitoring of water and nutrients." Dusen believes that publicity and training for farmers should be done well in the process of popularization. the technical requirements for the integration of water and fertilizer and the corresponding operation requirements of water-saving irrigation equipment are relatively high, and the key is to make farmers know how to use and achieve results.