Agricultural restructuring: reduced corn, increased what?

"after a year of hard work, many big families still can't sell their corn at a high price. It's really hard!" Jintai, a big grain grower in Wujiazi Village, Xinzhan Town, Jiaohe City, Jilin Province. The price of agricultural products is the baton of agricultural restructuring. Last year, the temporary storage price of corn in Northeast China was adjusted to 1 yuan per jin, and the market price was about 80 cents. Many large households and farmers lost money. According to the plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, the "sickle bend" area of our country will reduce 10 million mu of corn this year. At the national agricultural structure adjustment conference held not long ago, Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu said that by 2020, China will stabilize the planting area of corn at 500 million mu, reducing by 50 million mu. How can the main corn producing areas deal with such a painful but necessary agricultural supply-side structural reform?

Adjust varieties, from lower output to higher output.

The corn has been adjusted down, and the "bean classics" has been adjusted up.

Corn is the pride of Jilin agriculture. Jilin Province is located in the world-famous "Sautéed Sweet Corn with Salted Egg Yolk belt", and the comprehensive grain production capacity of the province is stable at the level of 65 billion jin. Last year, the total grain output was 72.94 billion jin, of which corn output was 56.11 billion jin, ranking second in the country. "according to the plan, Jilin Province will reduce the grain corn by 3.328 million mu this year, which is indeed a lot of pressure." Li Guoqiang, director of the Jilin Provincial Committee of Agriculture, said.

Although it is reluctant to part with the large-scale planting of corn, Jilin has made steady progress in the reduction of corn planting area. Where can I tune it? The overall consideration is the stable promotion in the central part of the province, the protection and tapping potential in the west, the transformation and efficiency in the east, and the upgrading of files in the suburbs, and the main direction is to reduce the planting area of grain corn in the arid areas of the west and the cold and cool areas of the east. Who will adjust it? Give full play to the leading role of leading enterprises and new business entities, implement the integration of order planting, production and marketing, and encourage farmers to participate voluntarily. What's the tune? Reduce grain corn and plant soybeans, rice, cash crops, feed crops, fresh corn and vegetables, and edible fungi. How do you adjust it? Adhere to government guidance, market orientation, farmers' voluntary and social participation, and help farmers find the market, sign orders, send technology, and give support.

With the structural adjustment, the dominant position of farmers is unshakable. As its name is, the family farm of Golden Tai is called "Jintai Farm". "I also hope that the price of corn will remain at 1.2 yuan, but I can't," he said. "it has to be adjusted." Lao Huang transferred 200 hectares of arable land a few years ago, but last year he lost 1, 4, and 150 hectares of arable land. Lao Huang pondered carefully, adjust in the corn structure itself, half kind of sticky corn, half kind of feed corn. "one is fresh food, the other is feed, so I planted a little bit of grain corn."

Affected by the fall in corn prices, the income is not satisfactory, but the structural adjustment has brought considerable benefits to Lao Huang. According to Lao Huang, the output of fresh corn is a large mu (1000 square meters) close to 1 ton. A machine may not finish the snow, after frost can only work for half a day, the harvest of corn will cause damage, accounting, the income of planting grain corn is not as good as sticky corn.

Feed corn is very popular, let Lao Huang taste the sweetness. Last year, an average of 3 tons of silage corn was produced per mu at a price of 230 yuan per ton, all of which were sold to nearby cattle and sheep farms. Last year, the gross income of old yellow sticky corn was 3 million yuan, and that of straw was 3 million yuan. Excluding production expenses and labor, the income of Lao Huang's family farm was 3.7 million yuan. It's not easy!

The corn has been adjusted down, and the "bean classics" has been adjusted up. Liu Zejin, director of the planting Department of the Jilin Municipal Commission of Agriculture, said that this year, Jilin City has reduced 195000 mu of corn, accounting for 2% of the corn sown area, and changed to 49000 mu of sticky corn, 41000 mu of rice, 87000 mu of soybeans, and 18000 mu of grains and other crops.

Transfer of land, from decentralized to large-scale management

Let the land work, but also let the land do the work.

Jilin Province, the famous "hometown of black land", has 86.98 million mu of arable land and 3.16mu per capita. Modern agriculture has been injected into structural adjustment, which has made the land work at the same time.

"the great wasteland, the land is not wasteland, the fragrance of rice blossoms in front of the landing window." This is a jingle spread in the great wasteland village. In the past, rice was grown, but now the village of Dahuangdi, Gudianzi Town, Changyi District, Jilin City, has grown ordinary rice into "golden rice" through large-scale cultivation. Structural adjustment, the Great Wasteland Village is a mirror.

Whether the structural adjustment is effective depends on whether there are special products that meet the needs of the market.

When it comes to rice in Dahuandi Village, Liu Yandong, secretary of the village party committee, is an old style: it is located at 43 degrees north latitude and is recognized as the golden rice belt in the world. It has a frost-free period of 130m / 140 days, rainfall of 600m / 650mm, simultaneous rain and heat, high temperature in the early stage of rice growth and large temperature difference between day and night in the later stage, providing the best growing environment for rice. The annual effective accumulated temperature of 2800 ~ 3100 degrees Celsius is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in rice during the filling stage. The growth period of rice is as long as 13 mi 16 hours a day, and sufficient sunshine time makes rice grow more organic matter and make rice taste sweeter.

"when rice and corn were grown extensively in the past, the Great wasteland Village was really a wasteland." With the consent of the two village committees and all the villagers, Liu Yandong's Dongfu Group and Dahuandi Village have realized the integration of villages and enterprises, taking rice as the main direction of planting structure adjustment. Dongfu Group has developed into a modern agricultural group with total assets of nearly 2 billion yuan and annual sales income of 570 million yuan.

From seedling raising, transplanting to field management, mechanization, standardization and intelligence have been realized, and the rice base here has been rated as "National Green Rice Standardization demonstration Zone". At present, Dahuandi Village has an advanced intelligent production line of refined rice, and "Great Wasteland Brand" green high-quality rice and organic rice have been awarded as well-known trademarks in China. The great wasteland village also used rice husk and straw to build a 20,000-ton carbon rod production line, and fuel ash was used to produce fertilizer. Rice bran was converted into feed for raising pigs and chickens, and a 50,000-ton organic fertilizer production line was built using livestock and poultry manure and straw to grow green organic rice. The production line with an annual output of 500 tons of organic rice wine was built by using crushed rice. Liu Yandong said that the reuse of agricultural waste alone has created economic benefits of 20 million yuan for the great wasteland village.

The guarantee of structural adjustment is the large-scale and intensive use of land.

"We only grow this pimple for one season, and apart from chemical fertilizers, seeds, and agricultural machinery, we can earn 700 to 800 yuan per mu of land." Villager Qiao Mingru said, "the land of three people in the family has been transferred, with a transfer fee of 15500 yuan per hectare. Once the contract is signed for five years, New Year's Day will pay the money every year. Don't worry!"

Once the land is concentrated and the whole field is completed, the flat ridge alone can increase the cultivated land by 2% per hectare. Liu Yandong said: "the concentration of land is the most basic premise of modern agriculture."

At present, all the land of 920 households in Dahuandi Village is transferred to enterprises. Look, these lands are rice bases in Dongfu, which are concentrated, irrigated by drought and waterlogged, specializing in growing green and organic rice and supplying the national market. For a base like this, we have more than 2000 hectares.

The result of structural adjustment is the increase in farmers' income. At present, more than 90% of the rural surplus labor force in Dahuangdi Village works in Dongfu, with an annual per capita income of more than 20,000 yuan. Among them, 350 villagers are engaged in rice cultivation and livestock and poultry breeding, with an annual per capita income of 20,000 yuan. The average annual per capita income is 24000 yuan. At the same time, Dongfu played an exemplary role in leading enterprises, driving 15 cooperatives and family farms in the village and its surrounding villages and towns, and 6625 order growers, with an average annual income of 4700 yuan.

Row upon row, 31 new farmers' houses have been built in Dahuangdi Village, supporting the construction of hospitals, schools, apartments for the elderly and other facilities, and the villagers have achieved employment, medical treatment, enrollment, pension, and shopping in "five villages." Park Yan, a salesman from Dongfu, graduated from an aviation college in the south. She gave up the big city and happily returned to work in the village of Dahuadi.

Strengthen science and technology and show skills in characteristic agriculture

Agricultural science and technology gives wings to the new business main body.

To adjust the structure, the support of agricultural science and technology is very important.

The first is to mix special products. Although the farming time is tight and the farm work is busy, Lao Huang has never delayed adjusting the planting structure. "Northeast soft jujube" is the latest plan of his farm.

The big black dog kept barking, and Lao Huang mysteriously took out a plastic bottle from the cellar at home and poured out some juice. "taste it and see what it tastes like." It turns out that this is the soft jujube juice made by Lao Huang last year. This kind of soft jujube, which is actually soft jujube kiwifruit, is a food with high nutritional value. The fruit can not only be eaten raw, but also can make jam, canned fruit, and wine; flowers are the source of honey, and aromatic oil can also be extracted.

One of Lao Huang's relatives is a doctor in the Department of Landscape Architecture of Yanbian University, engaged in soft jujube breeding. From him, Lao Huang systematically learned about the cultivation and market situation of soft jujube, and last year he tried to grow some. "this is a perennial plant. Five years later, it entered the full fruit period, with a net income of more than 20,000 yuan per mu, which is much better than planting corn." This year, Lao Huang planted 10 hectares. At present, the cost of land transfer in Jiaohe City is 500 yuan per mu. Considering the good economic benefits of growing soft dates, Lao Huang is going to increase the cost of land transfer to 1000 yuan per mu. "it's better to give it to the villagers in the village," he said. "

A ledger was found from a pile of materials, showing the details of the land transfer of Lao Huang and his family farm this year: a total of 150 hectares were transferred, including 40 hectares of Chinese herbal medicine, 10 hectares of soft dates, 70 hectares of sticky corn and 10 hectares of dried corn. It is planned to transfer another 250 hectares next year, so that more fodder corn and sweet sorghum can be planted. "now, the market for sweet sorghum is good, and the price for silage reaches 330 yuan per ton."

The second is to mix organic varieties. Shuangrui Agricultural Park, located in Gaojia Wazi Village, Jiangmifeng Town, Longtan District, Jilin City, is an excellent variety breeding base of the National Aerospace breeding Achievement Transformation Center. There are 18 modern solar greenhouses with 60 varieties in five categories, including space pumpkin, space gourd, space yellow diamond, Hangzhou pepper and Hangzhou eggplant. The soilless cultivation, substrate cultivation and hydroponics here are impressive. Wen Penghui, general manager of the company, said that the construction of the base began in October last year, and so far, the turnover has reached 15 million yuan and the profit has reached 3 million yuan, which fully shows that there is great potential for structural adjustment.

The new farm agriculture gives birth to a new sales model. At Shuangrui, two stylized contracts are very new. One is the member distribution agreement, that is, joined the company members, space fruits and vegetables will be equipped regularly. The other is the agricultural garden land claim contract, that is, after the claim, the members can plant and manage, and the income goes to the claimant. Liu Zejin analyzed, "in essence, this belongs to the private customization of agriculture." With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for private customization of agriculture will be more and more. "

At present, the contribution rate of China's agricultural scientific and technological progress has reached 56%, and agricultural science and technology is helping to adjust the agricultural economic structure with various gestures. On this issue, Han Changfu said: economic restructuring should focus on saving costs and increasing efficiency to promote the transformation of the mode of agricultural production. It is necessary to combine cost-saving and efficiency with green development, and carry out scientific and technological innovation and integrated application in such aspects as high-quality and high-yield varieties, light and simple mechanization, and high-value processing and utilization.