Whether farming is cost-effective depends on how to do it.

"the cost of farming is getting higher and higher, and increasing production does not increase income."it is better to be busy at home for a whole year than to go out for a month." as a result, "the post-70s do not want to farm, the post-80s do not know how to farm, and the post-90s do not mention farming."... " Is farming cost-effective after all? Ultimately, it depends on the physical output and value output per unit of land. Henan rural science and technology courtyard connects farmers' plots with practical technology, so that farmers can taste the benefits of technical services.

Planting staple grain-- the cost has come down and the harvest has gone up

Henan rural science and technology courtyard is welcomed by large grain growers. "in the past, my land here produced 900jin of wheat per mu and 1200 jin of corn per mu. It was calculated that one mu of land could be sold for 2000 yuan in two seasons, excluding seeds, chemical fertilizers, and watering costs, plus land transfer fees and labor costs. It is very difficult to make money. Who dares to cover the land to grow food?" In recent years, Li Wentao, who has transferred more than 500 mu of arable land in partnership with the villagers, has been worried. In Kangcheng Village, where the per capita land is less than 3% in Yuzhou, Henan Province, villager Li Wentao can be regarded as one of the largest grain growers in eight villages in ten miles.

I still remember seeing Li Wentao in early May this year. At that time, Li Wentao, a 56-year-old farmer, squatted on the ground and looked at the wheat field that was heading in front of him, smiling: "this year, we can see that this wheat can produce 1200 jin per mu. Wheat harvesting enterprises have already placed orders, which are 10 cents higher than the market price." Li Wentao said, "thanks to the small science and technology courtyard in my village."

"now how to fertilize, how to water, how to kill insects. They all have the guidance of a small academy of science and technology, the cost of farming has come down, and the harvest has gone up, or who dares to guarantee so much land? "

The Science and Technology Academy mentioned by Li Wentao is an agricultural science and technology service organization led by Henan Agricultural University and jointly set up by local agricultural departments, with experts and professors stationed for a long time and 24-hour consultation by growers to solve the problem of science and technology serving agriculture in the last kilometer. It is understood that the science and technology courtyard is located in the village committee compound, with an office, equipped with professional testing tools and experimental equipment. Up to now, Henan has established three bases to provide personalized services for order planting, large household management, cash crops and so on according to different regional characteristics, generally radiating villages within 10 kilometers.

"the basic situation in the rural areas of Yuzhou, Henan Province is a microcosm of China's rural cultivated land: less cultivated land per capita and poor irrigation conditions. In order to save costs and increase efficiency, we need to make a fuss on high quality and high yield by means of science and technology. " Dr. Ye Qiang, a professor of Henan Agricultural University and a member of the expert group of soil testing and formula fertilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, said.

During the wheat harvest in June, Li Wentao had an average yield of 1140 jin per mu of wheat, which made Li Wentao smile from ear to ear. "for large households with an area of more than 500 mu, this yield is rare in Xuchang and also rare in Henan." Ye Superior said.

The Science and Technology Academy in Yuzhou, Henan Province, was established in 2012, with a "crop 110 phone" hanging at the door. Song Guocan, a villager of Kangcheng Village, said that we all know that there is a small science and technology courtyard in our village that can treat crops. The villagers think that experts, professors and students are people from their own village.

Cash crop-- the land has been improved, and the quality and yield has gone up.

"after growing garlic for so many years, I heard for the first time that we should mix seeds and apply less chemical fertilizer to increase organic fertilizer. In the past, I thought that more fertilizer would grow well, but now with less chemical fertilizers and pesticides, garlic still grows well and doesn't have worms. " Henan Qi County Peicundian Township Chen Lou Cun garlic farmer Meng Zhongxing said.

60 mu of garlic, a profit of more than 10,000 yuan per mu of land, plus the acquisition of garlic, earned more than 1 million. In Peicundian Township, garlic farmers all know that there is a "Meng million" in Chen Lou Village. The "Meng million" in front of him has dark skin and rough speech. Because of the good harvest of growing garlic, Meng Zhongxing bought a car worth more than 200,000 yuan.

"due to the influence of the weather this year, the garlic production has generally decreased, but the garlic production of our species is not low." Meng Zhongxing said, "according to the expert technical guidance of the provincial agricultural university and the county agricultural bureau, how else would I have become Meng million?" Since the Science and Technology Academy arrived in Qixian in 2013, Meng Zhongxing has been a big fan of the Science and Technology Academy.

Zhang Lei, a garlic fan in Jiawa Village, Wulihe Town, Qi County, never thought that science and technology could make "native gold". In 2014, Zhang Lei planted 90 mu of garlic. when the Science and Technology Academy suggested planting measures, Zhang Lei disagreed and felt that he had grown garlic for so many years and did not need to be taught. As a result, due to improper management and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, the yield of his 40 mu of precocious garlic was seriously reduced. Zhang Lei regretted not listening to the words of the Science and Technology Academy as he watched the garlic harvest in the plots where others received guidance.

In 2015, under the guidance of the Science and Technology Academy, Zhang Lei, who has always been "ugly and difficult to sell", planted 140 mu of garlic in one breath. After fertilizing, irrigation and field management, he lost his "hat" that he could not grow garlic for many years. "it can be regarded as a turnaround." Zhang Lei's garlic field produces an average of 1600 kilograms of wet garlic, which has been snapped up by acquiring companies because of its excellent quality and outstanding taste and color.

Shi Xiuliang, a staff member of the Qixian Bureau of Agriculture, said, "the county's cash crops are nearly 1 million mu, of which garlic planting area is nearly 450000 mu, which is the bulk of cash crops." After calculation, the yield of garlic per mu can be increased by nearly 500jin under the technical guidance, and the economic benefit can be directly increased by about 2000 yuan.

Different from Yuzhou, Qi County Science and Technology Academy focuses on the cultivation of cash crops, providing customized free technical services for growers.

Science and technology academy-peer-to-peer support, face-to-face service

"guide farmers to scientifically use fertilizers and drugs, improve crop quality, explore order planting between farmers and enterprises, form the whole industry chain cycle of agricultural material selection-planting management-acquisition-processing-trade, and closely combine scientific planting with targeted sales. Weight loss and drug reduction to ensure the safety of agricultural products, but also to solve the demand problem for enterprises." This is the service direction that Henan Science and Technology Academy fumbled out in the process of development.

Shi Hongsong, chairman of Henan Shijia Noodle Co., Ltd., said that the enterprise needs more than 1,000 tons of wheat every day, and there is no source of wheat, so it can only stop production. The small academy of science and technology has set up an information service bridge between enterprises and farmers, which is of great help to stabilize production.

"among our partners, Henan Science and Technology Academy is the best built, laying an important foundation for the promotion of the Science and Technology Academy throughout the country," said Li Xiaolin, a professor at China Agricultural University and one of the founders of the Science and Technology Academy. In mid-August, at the national exchange meeting of science and technology academy held in Kunming, the experience of Henan science and technology academy attracted the attention of agricultural experts all over the country.

Serve farmers face to face. In 2009, China Agricultural University advocated the establishment of a small academy of science and technology, with the aim of allowing students to take root and carry out personnel training, scientific research and social services. Ye believes that provincial agricultural universities have natural geographical advantages in carrying out agrotechnical services. "We also cross the river by feeling the stones, which are welcomed by farmers, and the results are good."

To serve the transformation of the mode of agricultural production. It is urgent to reduce weight and medicine in farmland in our country. It is necessary to implement zero growth action of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, actively promote the model of efficient ecological circular agriculture, explore the pilot system of cultivated land rotation and fallow, and strengthen agro-ecological protection and restoration. Zeng Yande, director of the planting Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said, "in the next five years, China will strive to control the annual growth rate of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides within 1 percentage point, and strive to reduce the annual growth rate by 0.2 to 0.3 percentage points." the final zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be achieved by 2020. "

Serve the supply of green and safe agricultural products. Ye said that science and technology is the primary productive force of agriculture, and through the popularization of a series of practical technologies such as soil testing and fertilizer distribution, while avoiding the pollution of cultivated land, it has effectively improved the quality of agricultural products and increased the supply of green and safe agricultural products. it opens a channel for increasing farmers' income and increasing agricultural efficiency.

Li Xiaolin said: is farming cost-effective? In the end, it depends on how to do it. The extension of the service of Henan rural science and technology courtyard is winning the love of more and more farmers. In addition, in the small academy of science and technology, experts and students are "deeply involved in the play", providing a continuous supply of talent support for the sustainable service of agricultural technology.