How to guarantee the "supply side" of a grain of rice?

China's grain has achieved "twelve consecutive increases", but this does not mean that we can rest easy. A series of problems are in front of us, such as the serious upside-down of internal and external grain prices, the lagging development of grain processing, agricultural pollution, cheap grain, and so on. During the 13th five-year Plan period, how to change the "supply side" of a grain of rice from the grain production end to the sales end?

There is an urgent need to improve the quality and speed of grain deep processing.

15 billion jin! This is the amount of waste caused by grain processing in our country every year.

This is in sharp contrast to the gratifying data of China's realization of the "12 consecutive increases" of grain and the bumper harvest of summer grain in 2016, which reflects a problem behind China's grain industry that can not be ignored-the lag of the development of the processing industry.

According to statistics, the utilization rate of rice processing capacity in China is only about 43%, and that of wheat processing capacity is only about 60%. Every year, about 20% of wheat and rice are processed into refined flour and rice, resulting in a grain loss of about 15 billion jin.

On the one hand, the scientific and technological content of grain processing is insufficient, on the other hand, it is extensive and wasteful. According to Tan Bin, a researcher at the National Academy of Grain Sciences, China's grain resources are used extensively, the products and their uses are single, and the level of comprehensive utilization of grain processing by-products is still in the initial stage.

For this reason, during the 13th five-year Plan period, China's grain industry will implement the integrated whole industry chain management model of "production, purchase, storage, and marketing" to effectively improve the supply capacity of safe, nutritious and healthy grain products.

China will actively promote the supply-side structural reform of the grain industry, promote the transformation and development of the grain industry and the upgrading of products, guide and meet the new demand of grain consumption for nutritious and healthy food products, and increase effective supply; implement grain brand cultivation actions, promote the industrialization of staple foods, and increase the supply of nutritionally healthy, diverse, green and high-quality food products. We will actively develop grain products with regional characteristics and create a brand of geographical indications for grain.

In addition, China will give full play to the engine role of the grain processing industry, promote the structural adjustment of the grain processing industry, optimize the processing capacity of rice and wheat, and speed up the elimination of backward production capacity that is high energy consumption, low level and extensive. We will improve policies to support the grain processing industry, adjust the layout and product structure of the grain processing industry, improve the market competitiveness of grain processing products, improve the grain industry chain, and create a number of influential grain processing industry bases and parks.

In the next step, China will also implement the leading project of leading backbone enterprises in grain industrialization, improve the support policies of leading enterprises, and guide grain enterprises to actively develop the economy of mixed ownership by means of merger, reorganization, acquisition, holding, and so on. We will set up large enterprise groups and form a number of grain processing industry clusters with large radiation scope and strong driving capacity and large grain enterprises with international influence.

This means that improving the utilization rate of deep processing of grain has become an important part of the national grain strategy. Experts pointed out that as China's agricultural development enters a new stage, it is necessary to develop intensive and deep processing technologies with high resource utilization, low energy consumption and less environmental pollution, adjust the product structure, and increase the economic benefits of the entire agricultural industry chain. it has become a major strategic demand for China's national economic and social development.

Get rid of the difficulty of grain "disconnection"

In 2015, China's grain output achieved "12 consecutive increases", with the country's total grain output of 621.4 million tons, an increase of 2.4 percent over the same period last year. It is strange that, on the one hand, there have been bumper harvests and granaries are full, but on the other hand, imports continue to rise, repeatedly setting new highs. In 2015, grain imports reached 100 million tons. According to the proportion of imported grain, 1 jin of every 5 jin of grain in our country comes from abroad.

In the view of Jiang Feng, director of the Xiangyang Grain Bureau in Hubei Province, the fundamental reason for the increase in imports is that there are "three disconnections" in China's grain. First, production is out of touch with circulation. China's grain production is the responsibility of the agricultural department, whose duty is to ensure the increase of grain production and the increase of farmers' income; grain circulation is the responsibility of grain and commercial departments, and they organize marketable varieties to meet the needs of consumers according to market needs and enterprise benefits. production and marketing information can not be effectively docked. On the one hand, the total amount of grain in China has been in a tight balance for a long time, and soybeans, high-quality wheat, rice and feed grains need to be imported; on the other hand, some domestic grain and oil raw materials are of high quality and lack of competitiveness, so they have to be overstocked in the national warehouse. It is estimated that the gap between grain production and demand in China will reach 30 million-35 million in 2020 and 20 million-50 million in 2030. The gap between grain production and demand will exist for a long time, and grain supply and demand will be in a tight balance for a long time.

The second is the disconnection of international and domestic regulation. At present, the two departments of commerce and grain are responsible for the domestic grain circulation, the grain bureau is responsible for the domestic grain circulation, and the commercial department is responsible for the international grain import. At the same time, the main reason is that there is a large price difference between international and domestic grain varieties. China has become a highland of grain prices, and foreign grain enters the country through various channels, seriously impacting the domestic grain balance and causing difficulties in domestic grain sales.

Third, the acquisition is out of line with the sales policy. The policy of minimum purchase price of grain in China adopts protective purchase and market sales, which stimulates grain purchase and restricts grain sales. On the one hand, due to the high purchase price of domestic grain and the purchase of a large amount of grain into the supporting market, the warehouse capacity is tight, and the state has to invest heavily in building warehouses, occupying financial funds; on the other hand, due to the continuous increase in the base price of domestic policy grain and oil auctions, it is difficult for processing enterprises to bear, and the warehouse auction is not smooth. The result is a long-term backlog of policy-oriented grain and oil, with higher costs, lower quality and lower value. every year, the state has to pay the necessary interest and storage fees, and bear the loss of price reduction when it is overdue.

In view of the above reasons, Jiang Feng suggested that the state should timely adjust China's grain planting structure, improve grain quality, change the mode of operation, maintain grain production capacity, ensure that the self-sufficiency rate of grain reaches 95%, and ensure that the rice bowls of the Chinese people are firmly in their own hands; at the same time, we should improve China's grain import policy, strengthen the connection between grain and commercial departments, strengthen import management, and crack down on smuggling. In addition, it is necessary to adjust policy grain and oil sales methods in a timely manner, adopt price reduction sales, targeted sales, and other methods to stimulate domestic consumption, meet the needs of domestic processing enterprises, speed up the pace of grain and oil sales in stock, reduce policy grain and oil stocks, and reduce financial pressure.