Turn dead livestock into organic fertilizer

Editor's note

In order to promote the harmless treatment of sick and dead animals and explore an effective technical demonstration and extension mechanism of harmless treatment equipment, in 2014, the Agricultural Mechanization Technology Development and Popularization Station of the Ministry of Agriculture carried out experiments and demonstrations on the advanced nature, applicability and safety of harmless treatment equipment in Beijing, Liaoning, Fujian, Shandong and Henan provinces (cities). In order to provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate policies and measures and purchase machines in large-scale farms. Beijing, as one of the pilot provinces (cities), after nearly two years of operation, how is the pilot situation? The reporter recently went to the suburbs of Beijing for an interview.

In the orchard of Zhangjiawan Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing, grapevines are covered with purple and red grapes. "the fruit has grown particularly well this year, with bright colors, sweet taste and a lot of increase in yield. the effect of these organic fertilizers is really good." Liu Feng, who is in charge of Beijing Miaofu Ecological Park, pointed to a bag of powdered fertilizer and told reporters that the fertilizer was made from sick and dead pigs.

In order to solve the problem of the treatment of sick and dead livestock, three breeding enterprises were selected in Beijing in 2014 to carry out experiments and demonstrations on the mechanical technology of harmless treatment of sick and dead animals. After nearly two years of use, the organic fertilizer produced by these demonstration enterprises has been recognized by farmers.

1. The whole process does not emit any pollutants.

Sweaty and smelly, the busy workers, wearing masks, threw the dead pig into a 4-meter pit dug with an excavator, sprinkled with white lime about 1.5 meters above the ground, and then backfilled. This is a scene where workers at Beijing Taixin Fumin Pig raising Co., Ltd. disposed of dead pig carcasses a few years ago. Recalling these scenes, Zhao Hongxing, the company's deputy general manager, is still fresh in his memory. "it was really troublesome to take deep burial treatment at that time, and it was easy to pollute the environment." The deep burial was carried out in the open space of my own company's pig farm, and the biggest headache at that time was the fear of insufficient land. Do you think, if you dig a hole a month, how can you get so much open space for you? "

Now, Zhao Hongxing's troubles are no longer there. When entering the harmless treatment workshop of the company's pig breeding farm, the reporter saw that a staff member wearing a white epidemic prevention suit put the whole dead pig in the freezer into the hydraulic bucket of the machine, which was raised sharply to "feed" the whole dead pig into the machine. "now, with this harmless treatment equipment, all these sick and dead pigs will be converted into dry organic fertilizer in 48 hours." Zhao Hongxing said happily.

Before the application of the mechanical technology of harmless treatment of sick and dead animals, there are mainly four methods for the disposal of animal carcasses in our country: burial treatment, incineration treatment, corpse well treatment and chemical treatment.

However, each of these methods has its own disadvantages. Burial is easy to cause soil and groundwater pollution, and complicated processes; incineration will produce thick smoke, stench, air pollution, high fuel cost; body well treatment will produce stench, blood water, easy to pollute groundwater, breed disease vectors, and deal with it for a long time; the more environmentally friendly chemical method is also prohibitive to aquaculture enterprises because of the high cost of equipment investment and operation, complex treatment process, large occupation of land and so on.

"the use of harmless treatment equipment can effectively solve these problems." Xiong Bo, assistant director of the Beijing Agricultural Machinery Test and Evaluation Promotion Station, said, "in fact, the principle of this technology is not complicated, mainly through equipment to cut, grind, ferment, sterilize, and dry discarded animals. After adding special microorganisms, the animal carcasses are degraded and transformed into harmless powdery organic fertilizers, and finally batch environmental protection treatment and circular economy are achieved."

"compared with the deep burial in the past, the treatment of dead pig carcasses is indeed very environmentally friendly and efficient." Zhao Hongxing said, "after 48 hours of treatment, the dead pig body will be completely dehydrated, and the water vapor produced during the dehydration process will naturally volatilize." According to him, the tail gas produced during the operation of the equipment will be disinfected by the water tank, filtered by the deodorizing device and then discharged, so there is no peculiar smell in the whole process, there is no residual blood water and corpses, and high temperatures can kill harmful germs. will not emit any pollutants.

two。 Ecological organic fertilizer is safe, environmentally friendly and efficient.

"the eco-organic fertilizer made from these dead pigs can be said to be the cleanest fertilizer, no pollution, no smell, no insects, and the fertilizer efficiency is higher than pig manure and chemical fertilizer." As a loyal customer of Zhao Hongxing organic fertilizer, Liu Feng, who grows 200 mu of grapes and 100 mu of cherries, commented, "after nearly two years of use, the effect is more obvious, and the fruit produced by using this fertilizer is more colorful and sweeter." and the comprehensive output of grapes and cherries has increased by hundreds of jin per mu. "

According to Liu Feng, pig manure needs to be composted for some time after purchase, which not only takes up an area of land but also gives off a bad smell, while the organic fertilizer made from dead pigs can be applied directly. From the point of view of the application amount, the average amount of pig manure per mu is 1415 square meters, and this kind of organic fertilizer is generally about 7 square meters can be effective. "therefore, on the whole, I think the sex-to-price ratio of organic fertilizer made from dead pigs is higher."

Xiong Bo told reporters that the organic fertilizers produced by pig farms and chicken farms in Beijing have been scientifically tested and are in line with the standard of harmless treatment. Its organic matter content is about 72%, which is higher than 45% of the national standard, which can effectively increase the content of chlorophyll in plant leaves and promote photosynthesis.

Of course, at present, the organic fertilizer made from sick and dead livestock is also faced with the problem of low output and difficult to become a brand in the process of processing and marketing. "our eco-organic fertilizer customers are mainly repeat customers who deal in cash crops such as fruits. Because the quantity is too small, very often the supply exceeds the demand, we can only sell to our old customers. " Zhao Hongxing predicted, "if this technology can be popularized on a large scale in the future, I think the market prospect of brand organic fertilizer made by centralized production will be very considerable."

So whether the operation of the equipment can obtain good economic benefits? In this regard, Zhao Hongxing calculated an economic account. if the cost of auxiliary materials, electricity, labor costs and equipment depreciation are all taken into account, the cost of harmless treatment of 1.4 tons of equipment at full load is about 1168.5 yuan, and it can produce 600kg of organic fertilizer. according to the calculation of 1 yuan per kilogram of organic fertilizer, the income is 600 yuan, coupled with the state subsidy of 80 yuan for the harmless treatment of sick and dead pigs, about 800 yuan for 10 pigs per ton. So the comprehensive income is 231.5 yuan.

3. It can be popularized in large-scale farms.

The equipment looks high-tech, but it is very easy to operate. "all kinds of running data are displayed on the display screen, which is clear at a glance. We just need to set the program in advance, the whole process is automated, and there is no need for special people to watch. " Wang Weizhong, deputy general manager of Doudian Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry and Commerce Corporation in Fangshan District, Beijing, said, "after the machine is started and fed, all we have to do is wait six hours to collect a batch of organic fertilizer degraded by dead chickens."

Zhao Hongxing feels the same way about this. "look at that hydraulic hopper, it will automatically lift and drop the material, there is no need for manual feeding, and it will automatically screw out after the completion of the process, which is convenient for bagging, which greatly reduces the work intensity of the workers." If there is a failure, the equipment will automatically alarm, so there is no need for manual care after startup, as in our case, the repairman deals with sick and dead pigs part-time. "

"the equipment occupies a small area and low power consumption, which greatly reduces the investment and operation cost." Xiong Bo told the reporter that the material trough in the machine adopts a double-layer structure, and the interlayer is filled with heat-conducting liquid, so that the material in the trough is heated evenly and saves about 50% of the electric energy.

From the cold storage to the equipment close to the closed assembly line, wireless remote control operation can also be adopted to physically isolate sick and dead livestock, which can minimize the direct contact between people and dead animal carcasses, and play a good epidemic prevention effect. In addition, the corpses are stored in cold storage first, and then treated uniformly when the stock is enough for one batch treatment. This operation mode improves the treatment efficiency of sick and dead livestock. "with the development of science and technology in the aquaculture industry, the mortality rate of sick and dead pigs has been greatly reduced, and most of the sick and dead pigs are piglets, so the way of storing cold storage first and then centralized treatment is more in line with the current reality." Zhao Hongxing told reporters, "the approved batch handling capacity of this equipment is 1400 kilograms, and we usually only start it once a week."

The addition of rice husk powder, corncob and other auxiliary materials is an indispensable link in the production process of organic fertilizer. Zhao Hongxing estimates that about 300 kilograms of rice husk powder is needed for one ton of dead pigs, of which pigs will remove 60% of their weight and eventually produce about 600 kilograms of organic fertilizer.

"after nearly two years of demonstration tests, we believe that this technology can be popularized in large-scale farms." Xiong Bo said.