How to demarcate permanent basic farmland?

Will the delineation of permanent basic farmland around the city restrict urban development? How to prevent making up the number and changing the use without authorization? How to realize the long-term protection of basic farmland? Please take a look at our reporter's survey.

Install a "protective cover" for fertile land, so that urban development will no longer "spread the cake"

In the scorching sun, farmers roll up their trouser legs and bend over to replenish seedlings in the rice fields of Laosha Community, Shuangpu Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Not far away is the local resort, with heavy traffic in the city and green land in the countryside, and the two kinds of scenery set off each other in the same time and space.

The Laosha community depends on the Qiantang River in the north and the Fuchun River in the south. Farmers have been farming here for generations. Huang Hua, the community secretary, once worried about the fate of this fertile land. "with the continuous expansion of the size of the city and the continuous development of the suburbs, will this field be filled up?" On the other hand, the efficiency of farming is low in recent years, and most of the villagers go out to work and do not want to spend more time in the fields, and the fields also tend to be abandoned. "

Now, Huang Hua is down-to-earth. The delineation of permanent basic farmland was launched in Hangzhou in 2014, and 1053 mu of land in Laosha community was designated as permanent basic farmland. "I am relieved that our land can be passed on to future generations." Huang Hua said that the land infrastructure in the village is relatively perfect, and now many enterprises are scrambling to cooperate with them, and the annual transfer fee per mu of land is more than 1500 yuan.

Cultivated land is the most precious resource in our country and the lifeblood of rural development and agricultural modernization. Cultivated land is the fundamental guarantee of food security. However, in recent years, with the economic development and the acceleration of urbanization, the scale of construction land in many domestic cities has been expanding, and the construction intensity of some cities has also broken through the international warning line of 30%.

The development of "spreading cake" has caused many cities to encounter "growing troubles": the arable land and wetlands around the city have been reduced, the urban ecological belt has been destroyed, the environmental quality has become more difficult, the urban heat island effect has been highlighted, and the number of haze days has increased.

How can skyscrapers and farmland coexist harmoniously? Zhang Hongming, mayor of Hangzhou, said that farmland not only undertakes the function of grain production, but also has ecological function. Without farmland, the city is just a concrete forest, lack of dexterity and beauty.

In order to optimize the spatial pattern of urban and rural areas and form the physical boundary of urban development, the national delimitation of permanent basic farmland was launched at the beginning of last year. The responsible person of the cultivated Land Protection Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources said that once the permanent basic farmland is designated, it shall not be adjusted at will. Except that the site selection of national key construction projects stipulated by law cannot be avoided, no other construction can be occupied, and the "non-agriculturalization" of permanent basic farmland should be resolutely prevented.

After taking the lead in completing the delineation, the protected area of permanent basic farmland around Hangzhou has reached 252000 mu. Permanent basic farmland accounted for 60.53% of the arable land, and the allocation rate of high-standard farmland and grain functional areas reached 100%.

In terms of distribution, in the east of the city, the farmland around the highway in Xiaoshan District and along the Qiantang River is green; in the west of the city, Wuchang wetlands and farmland in Xixi become urban oxygen bars; in the north of the city, Qiaoshi farms form a natural barrier of the city; in the south of the city, Puyang River, Xiang Lake and farmland are intertwined into a beautiful landscape. The delineated permanent basic farmland and forests, rivers, lakes and mountains together form the urban ecological barrier, broaden the green space of the city, and integrate the good mountains, water and farmland into the city and into the life of the people.

To set a red line, set a boundary and squeeze water, it is necessary to draw not only the quantity, but also the quality.

The delineation of permanent basic farmland around the city can further force conservation and intensive land use, and will play an important role in implementing the strategy of storing grain in the land, stabilizing and enhancing grain production capacity, effectively ensuring national food security, and safeguarding farmers' land rights and interests. Of course, there are many advantages, but the most important and difficult thing to define is the change of ideas.

Jin Yuanhong, secretary of the party branch of Shiqiao Village, Liangzhu Street, Yuhang District, told the reporter, "it turns out that the villagers feel that when they contract to the household, the land is their own, and they can do whatever they want. Some occupy some farmland when building houses, some dump some rubbish into the fields, and some dig a fish pond in the field, which is very difficult to manage. Now, after the permanent basic farmland has been designated, on the one hand, we have publicized to the villagers that we must not encroach on the farmland at will, and on the other hand, we have organized the villagers to transfer the land to the cooperative for continuous operation, so as to obtain real circulation benefits. farmers' awareness of protecting farmland has obviously become stronger. "

With regard to the delineation of permanent basic farmland around the city, some experts said, "by delineating, it is necessary to form a 'red line' for cultivated land protection and a physical boundary for urban development." it is also necessary to 'squeeze out water' from the current situation of high overlap between some urban planning and construction land and high-quality cultivated land, which will naturally make it difficult for some cities to adapt. "

"to change the concept is to integrate the protection of permanent basic farmland around the city into urban construction and economic development, rather than antagonism." Shen Leyi, deputy director of the Planning, farming and Conservation Department of the Hangzhou Bureau of Land and Resources, said, "in the process of delineation, we adhere to the simultaneous demarcation of the permanent basic farmland red line, the urban development boundary and the ecological red line. At the same time, on the one hand, we should persist in allowing construction areas to be 'encouraged', conditional construction areas' squeeze', restricted construction areas and prohibited construction areas' should be fully zoned'; on the other hand, we should adhere to the principle of combining protection priority with reasonable reservation, while setting aside public support and necessary development land for the local areas, so as to ensure the development rights and interests of the people in the basic farmland protection areas. "

-- make a full cut in quantity. This time, 47200 mu of permanent basic farmland has been designated around the city of Hangzhou. Together with the existing basic farmland, the permanent basic farmland around the city has reached 252000 mu. Among them, Qiaoshi Farm, which is under the jurisdiction of the Hangzhou Economic and technological Development Zone, has newly divided into a piece of high-quality farmland of more than 20,000 mu, leaving a "green heart and lungs" and a stable vegetable garden for the city.

It is well delineated in quality. Hangzhou gives priority to high-quality farmland around cities and towns and along transportation lines, as well as high-standard farmland and grain production functional areas that have been built as permanent basic farmland. After delineation, the proportion of paddy fields reached 87.89%, and the quality of cultivated land showed a trend of "higher rising and lower declining". Among them, the proportion of cultivated land such as 6-grade cultivated land rose to 19.66%, and the proportion of cultivated land such as 7, etc., increased to 35.10%, and the proportion of cultivated land, such as 8, decreased to 37.84%.

It is not only the urban scenery, but also rice bags and vegetable baskets. the key is to establish a long-term mechanism for the protection of basic farmland.

The bulldozer was driving ahead, followed by a flock of egrets. "the bulldozer will naturally attract egrets if it turns out the bugs in the paddy field. Egrets have high requirements for their habitat, indicating that our crops are less polluted. " Yuhang District Yuhang Street Yongan Village Party Branch Secretary Zhang Shuibao said.

Pointing to the newly repaired canals, Zhang Shuibao said, "in the past, the earth canals ran and leaked seriously. after continuous transformation, our village has formed high-standard farmland with square fields, connected canals, irrigation and drainage. The cultivation of rice and vegetables is more secure. "

Permanent basic farmland is the "rice bag" and "vegetable basket" of the citizens. How to achieve long-term protection after delineation is more important. This is inseparable from the establishment and improvement of relevant policy mechanisms.

To properly manage permanent basic farmland, it is necessary to stimulate the enthusiasm of village collectives and farmers. The reporter learned that Yuhang District has been implementing a paid system for cultivated land protection on a pilot basis since 2011. The collective economic organizations and farmers will be compensated according to the standard of 100 yuan per mu per year, which is mainly used for farmland infrastructure restoration and soil fertility cultivation, and the amount of subsidy funds will be linked to the protection of basic farmland.

Starting from this year, Zhejiang Province has comprehensively implemented the compensation mechanism for the protection of cultivated land on the basis of previous pilot projects, so that rural collective economic organizations and farmers can obtain long-term and stable benefits from the protection of permanent basic farmland. It is reported that Zhejiang Province has allocated 614 million yuan in compensation funds for cultivated land protection this year.

At the same time, Hangzhou has issued a supporting land use policy for basic farmland reserves to ensure the reasonable land demand of the local people. The planning of land for construction outside the protected areas will be left to the village collectives and villagers responsible for the protection of basic farmland for supporting public facilities and the construction of agricultural houses. We will comprehensively carry out a soil geological survey of permanent basic farmland and, based on the survey results, guide the optimization of cultivated land planting structure adjustment and the development of characteristic industries.

The key to the good management of permanent basic farmland lies in the implementation of responsible persons. In Yong'an Village, the land designated as permanent basic farmland is marked with a sign engraved with the basic information of the field, as well as the name of the "field director" and how to report it. "the permanent basic farmland shall be managed as a grid, with the village branch secretary as the field director and the members of the village committee as the grid director. The responsible person is responsible for inspecting and supervising the use of permanent basic farmland. In the event of illegal occupation or illegal use, we will stop these acts in a timely manner. " Yongan Village "Tian Chang" Zhang Shuibao said.

At present, there are 40 "Tian Chang" in Yuhang District, 231 "Tian Chang" in the village and 981 in the grid. As the "stewards" of every piece of basic farmland, they guard these lands with a view to leaving more fertile land and green fields for their children and grandchildren.