The paid withdrawal of land contractual management right needs to be supported by policies and measures.

Editor's note: land has always been the lifeblood of farmers. Urbanization and the development of non-agricultural industries provide farmers with a new way of development. To this end, the CPC Central Committee has made clear arrangements for exploring the development of homestead, land contractual management rights, and farmers' paid withdrawal of shares in collective assets. Neijiang City, Sichuan Province, as a paid withdrawal of land contractual management rights from the pilot area, made an attempt first.

But in a few months, the scenery in front of the village committee of Longmen Town, Longmen Town, Shizhong District, Neijiang City, Sichuan Province has changed greatly, and the originally fragmented farmland has been reorganized and transformed into several standardized fish ponds. This piece of land, which was originally contracted and managed by 52 peasant households, has a total of 55 mu, but now the contracted management right has returned to the village collective.

The change stems from the landing of the paid withdrawal of the rural land contractual management right from the pilot project. At the end of 2014, Shizhong District of Neijiang City was identified as the second batch of pilot counties in the country to deepen rural reform, undertaking a number of reform tasks such as the paid withdrawal of rural land contractual management rights. For more than a year, Longmen Village, Longmen Town, took the lead in breaking the ice and made a breakthrough in exit conditions, models and standards. A total of 52 farmers withdrew from 55 mu of land contractual management rights for a long time (to the second contract period, that is, 2029), and one household permanently withdrew 5.38 mu land contractual management rights.

1. The policy of "one refund and three guarantees" moved the villagers to return to the collective permanently rather than abandoning them.

Chen Lin is one of the outstanding villagers in Jiulong Village. In the early 1990s, he went to the city and took root in the city step by step, and now he has bought a number of properties in the urban area of Chengdu. A few years ago, Chen Lin brought his elderly parents to the city for peace and happiness, and the land in his hometown was abandoned.

"Land is the lifeblood of farmers. In principle, only villagers who can live a good life without land can permanently withdraw from the contract right." He Jian, deputy mayor of Jiulong Town, told reporters that according to this standard, the pilot program sets a prerequisite for permanent withdrawal, requiring those who quit to have a stable income, a fixed residence, and no longer rely on land for a living.

Although they were no longer "planing food" in the land, when the village called to communicate the withdrawal of land management rights, Chen Lin and his family opposed it. "they have been farmers for generations. They have a deep affection for land, and they always feel reluctant to give up." Chen Lin said.

However, after Luo Jiayuan, the secretary of the village branch, specially visited the city, Chen Lin changed his mind. "in accordance with the policy of 'one refund and three guarantees' in the village, the withdrawal of the right to land contract does not affect the right to vote, the right to the use of homestead, and the right to distribute income from collective assets." Chen Lin said that although he was reluctant to give up, Secretary Luo was right that instead of abandoning the land, it would be better to return it to the collective. We can get compensation, and the land can also play its value.

In November last year, Chen Lin signed the agreement on the paid withdrawal of land contractual management rights. Since then, the Chen family has returned the 5 mu contracted land on the village that has been abandoned for many years to the collective.

2.52 villagers withdraw from centralized land development industry for a long time

After Chen Lin, 52 households in 11 groups of Longmen Village also returned the land contractual management rights to the village collective. Unlike the former permanent withdrawal, their exit time is limited by the second contract period (that is, 2029), which is called long-term exit.

Why are there long-term attempts to quit? Luo Jiayuan told reporters that this was inspired by the rattan pepper planting project introduced in the village. It turns out that due to a large number of young and strong labor force going out to work, nearly a thousand mu of 2800 mu of arable land in Longmen Village has been abandoned, and the elderly women who stay behind are still mainly planting traditional crops such as rice and corn, and basically do not make money from farming. In order to change the appearance of the village, at the end of 2014, the teams of the two committees of the village introduced 800 mu of rattan pepper planting project through efforts, and a large number of abandoned mountain areas were planted with rattan pepper. Farmers not only have land transfer fees, but also can earn money by working in the fields.

However, in less than two years, conflicts between owners and villagers have occurred from time to time. "some villagers are dissatisfied with the change of wage settlement from time to time, asking the owners to return the land, and the two village committees also feel a headache." Luo Jiayuan believes that if the villagers return the land contract rights to the collective, there will be no basis for breaking the contract, and the land transfer relationship between the village collective and the owners will be more stable, which is conducive to the introduction of owners to develop industries or the development of collective economy.

After investigation, 55 mu of land with gentle terrain, close to the gathering point of the new village and the village committee was selected. "through the withdrawal of the contracted management right, the land can be dispersed into centralization, introducing owners or developing the collective economy of the village." However, for the first time, 10 of the 52 contracted farmers involved clearly expressed their opposition.

"at the beginning, there was a misunderstanding among the villagers that withdrawing the land contractual management right was the return of the land. Therefore, even if it is abandoned, it is not willing to return it to the village collective. " Luo Jiayuan said: after understanding the situation, the village organized a special working group to publicize the policy door to door, telling the villagers to withdraw from the contracted management of land not only with compensation, but also to help the village develop the collective economy.

Gradually, the villagers had less misgivings and finally reached a consensus. Today, the 55 mu of land returned to the collective has changed greatly. After the transformation of the project, the scattered agricultural land has become a standardized fish pond, and many intended owners are contacting and negotiating with the village.

3. Full consultation to ensure the source of compensation funds for farmers' rights and interests is the biggest problem.

What should be the compensation standard for paid withdrawal? Longmen Village, which ate crabs for the first time, had no experience to learn from and could only cross the river by feeling the stones. The two village committees proposed to take the grain production profits in the two seasons of Dachun and the existing land transfer price as the reference price, and after many negotiations, it was finally decided that "permanent withdrawal should be calculated at 1000 yuan per mu per year, with compensation for 30 years, and long-term withdrawal at 1000 yuan per mu per year." the compensation is calculated for 14 years and paid in a lump sum.

Guo Zeguang, a villager of 11 groups, returned 3 points of land this time and received nearly 4000 yuan in compensation. "at present, the land rent price of the surrounding paddy fields is about 600,700 yuan per mu, and 850 yuan has taken into account the possible premium in the future. Although the compensation payment is not large, it is only when the owners come to develop the industry that it is easier for us to live. Guo Zeguang said that last year, the couple worked at the Tengjiao base, and the couple earned nearly 10,000 yuan, much better than before. In addition, according to the consultation, during the long-term withdrawal period of land, preferential agricultural policies such as national grain subsidies will continue to be enjoyed by withdrawing farmers.

According to the compensation standard, Longmen Village needs to pay more than 800,000 yuan for the withdrawal of land contractual management rights. "the village collective is unable to pay, and most of the money comes from the special funds for the reform of the district finance. It is paid to Longmen Village in the form of borrowing, and the loan has to be returned when the loan expires. If the withdrawal scale continues to expand, the source of compensation funds is a realistic problem." The person in charge of the Neijiang City Central District Urban and Rural Co-ordination work Committee said that in the current situation of weak collective economic strength, to further promote reform, we also need the supporting support of financial institutions.

Taking into account the actual financial pressure, he Jian said that in order to better promote the pilot work, Longmen Town is considering changing one-time payment to installment payment, or first introduce powerful owners to implement the main sources of funds, and then organize willing villagers to withdraw from the contractual management right.