We can't rely solely on the market to solve the difficult problem of rural finance.

Agricultural modernization is the foundation of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing socialist modernization. In this process, financial assistance is particularly important. But in reality, the development of rural finance is a worldwide problem. On the one hand, due to the lack of collateral and information asymmetry, it is often difficult for farmers to meet the mortgage loan requirements of financial institutions; on the other hand, financial institutions are more willing to invest their funds in industries and regions with high returns. Based on these two reasons, the point of view put forward by some people to solve the difficult problems of rural finance in the direction of marketization is open to question.

Historical development has proved that pure market logic can not effectively solve the problem of rural finance. In the 1990s, in the commercial reform of China's banks, the major banks withdrew from their homes and contracted to cities and towns driven by profits, which aggravated the problem of farmers' loans. After 2006, in the new round of reform with rural credit cooperatives as the main body, a large number of rural credit cooperatives have been transformed into rural commercial banks or rural cooperative banks under the guidance of marketization. Although this reform has greatly increased the amount of rural loans and agriculture-related loans in a short period of time, this high growth is difficult to sustain. The growth rate of rural loans has declined significantly since 2009, with a growth rate of only 11.4% by the end of September 2015, which is lower than the 15.4% growth rate of various loans from China's financial institutions in the same period. The purpose of market-oriented reform is to make rural finance better support "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", but the pure market logic makes rural financial institutions unable to effectively serve "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", and even become a capital "pump" in rural areas, resulting in a continuous outflow of funds. In view of this, we should take marketization as the orientation, policy support as the support, improve the incentive and restraint mechanism, and effectively solve the rural financial problems.

Build a rural credit system from the bottom up. At present, it will take time to build a national credit system, and the problem of distorted resource allocation caused by information asymmetry needs to be solved urgently. Combined with the current situation of rural finance in China, the bottom-up construction of credit system is more realistic, faster and cost-saving. The reasons are: first, local governments and financial institutions are willing to lead the construction of regional credit environment under the incentive of high-quality credit environment; second, local institutions have more comprehensive information and can fully consider local advantages and characteristics in the construction of credit system, rating methods are more flexible, rating results are more objective, and even stimulate financial innovation. Third, with the improvement of local credit environment, the integration and standardization of local credit database, and on this basis to establish a national credit system, can greatly save economic costs and time costs. We should encourage and encourage all localities to promote the construction of credit environment and let more and more credit villages replace the "blank villages" of financial institutions.

We will improve supporting policies that are conducive to finance going to the countryside. Practice has proved that without supporting measures from the government, it is difficult for finance to go to the countryside. To improve the infrastructure of the rural financial market and supporting policies conducive to finance going to the countryside, the government should play a role in the construction of the legal system and financial supervision, and assume the responsibility of providing public goods in important links such as the construction of the credit environment. Efforts should be made to purify the financial ecological environment, strengthen cooperation with rural financial institutions, reduce the operating costs of financial institutions, attract more financial institutions to join the rural financial market, reasonably implement preferential fiscal and tax policies, and promote the development of rural and agricultural insurance undertakings. Reduce the cost and instability of financial support for agriculture. At the same time, financial institutions should also vigorously support advantageous enterprises, cooperate with the government's development plan, and achieve a win-win situation through political and banking cooperation on the premise of ensuring independence.

Guide financial institutions to establish the concept of serving "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". Before entering the rural financial market, financial institutions should comprehensively consider their own goals and the characteristics of the rural financial market to avoid entering blindly; after entering, they should have a long-term foothold and closely link their own development with the development of the rural financial market. While subsidizing the institutions entering the rural financial market, the government should guide them to firmly serve the concept of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and, where possible, carry out certain screening to avoid the negative impact of the withdrawal of some financial institutions on the rural financial market.