Reform is the source of vitality for the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers"

Recently, the Agriculture and Industry Committee of the Sichuan Provincial CPC Committee has successively visited Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Yibin, Neijiang, Nanchong, Bazhong, and other places to see the freshness of the grass roots by means of open and covert visits, informal discussions, questionnaires, and so on. listen to the voice from the front line.

First, the cooperation of land shares is of far-reaching significance, and there are various forms of activating the right of management. For a long time, the transfer mode of land management right is mainly leasing, which has poor stability, high cost and many problems. The questionnaire survey showed that 18.2% of the farmers who transferred the land had disputes with the operators. The research group believes that the fundamental reason is that farmers do not participate and do not fully and continuously share the benefits of development.

In view of these situations, various localities have thought of a lot of countermeasures, including the "rural land circulation performance guarantee insurance" being promoted in Chengdu and the "land circulation + rent backing + comprehensive service" mechanism explored in Meishan City. at present, there are many ways to activate the right of management, mainly land share cooperation and land trusteeship. At present, the number of land joint-stock cooperatives in the province has reached 3417, with a total of 446000 mu of land.

In all the ways of activating the right of management, the cooperation of land shares can enable farmers to "leave the land without losing their land and leaving the land without losing their rights". The research group believes that the cooperation of land shares will become the mainstream mode of invigorating the right of management, and the transformation from the household contract responsibility system to the household contract stock system is a trend of historical development.

Second, "1-2" is a good model, which has achieved mutual benefit and win-win results for all parties. "1" is a land joint-stock cooperative: farmers form land shares with reduced capital and shares with the right to land contractual management.

Cooperatives to form large-scale operation of land. "2" is agricultural professional managers and socialized service organizations: agricultural professional managers are responsible for putting forward specific production plans and organizing production activities, while socialized service organizations are responsible for providing specialized agricultural services.

Cooperatives and professional managers, farmers mainly implement the distribution method except the dividend, that is, excluding the production cost, the remaining net income is distributed according to 1:2:7 proportion.

This model has been popularized on the surface, and its greatest significance lies in the systematic exploration of many problems involved in the "second leap" of agricultural production and management, and many elements in the new agricultural management system.

Third, family farms are developing rapidly, and cooperatives are getting bigger and bigger. After the first mention of "family farms" in the Central document No. 1 in 2013, the number of family farms in Sichuan increased to 23000 in only two years. The practice in Sichuan shows that the new agricultural management main body, the rising "new main force" of modern agricultural development, is rewriting the farming pattern of Shu Township by virtue of specialized production, mechanized operation, large-scale operation, and market-oriented operation.

Fourth, it is a good way for the government to purchase agricultural socialized services. Taking the construction of the socialized service system of the grain industry as a breakthrough, Guanghan City, Sichuan Province has carried out agricultural socialization services in the whole process of mechanized farming, centralized seedling raising, unified prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the form of government purchase.

And establish a set of quantifiable social service performance appraisal mechanism. At present, the number of social service organizations in the city has grown to 95, and the comprehensive operation level of agricultural machinery has reached 77.16%.

To build a new agricultural service system, the research group believes that it is necessary to grasp several aspects: first, we must pay attention to both public welfare and management, and pay attention to the role of social forces and private capital; second, we should not only meet the needs of new agricultural operators, but also serve ordinary farmers; third, the contingent of agricultural scientific and technological personnel must stimulate vitality through reform and become the main force in the transformation of achievements and innovation and entrepreneurship.

Fifth, there are various forms of rural cooperative finance, and farmers have set up their own banks. Sichuan Province began to explore the establishment of village-level poverty alleviation mutual aid cooperatives in 2005, which is a good model of rural cooperative finance. In recent years, Yilong County of the province has broken the past restriction of "no income from joining funds, no salary for managers, and a maximum loan of 5000 yuan" and carried out systematic reform and innovation on village-level poverty alleviation mutual aid cooperatives. 35% of the income of the mutual union is used as the capital income to arouse the enthusiasm of farmers to join the society; 30% of the income is paid to the managers to mobilize the enthusiasm of the managers; the upper limit of a single loan is raised to 100000 yuan to meet the actual loan needs; establish "chief guarantor" system, "post guarantee deposit" system, risk preparation

Fund system, comprehensive risk prevention and control; establish a unified escrow system for accounts to ensure the standard operation of mutual aid societies. In 2015, the number of mutual aid cooperatives grew to 41, with the total amount of funds reaching 37.93 million yuan, of which financial funds accounted for only 15%. In the past five years, the scale of funds increased by 37.5%.

The promotion of rural financial innovation at the provincial level in Sichuan Province is mainly in three aspects: the first is the policy guarantee system, the second is rural cooperative finance, and the third is the pilot project of rural property rights mortgage financing. The research group believes that these three directions have great potential, especially the room for the development of cooperative finance is very large, as long as we do a good job in standardized guidance, it can become an important force in rural financial innovation.

Sixth, the demutualization of assets, resources and funds will benefit poor farmers. Bazhou District, Sichuan Province, through changing financial funds into special funds, and by means of discount, guarantee and risk sharing, supports new agricultural operators and poor households to achieve loan financing of 113 million yuan, driving social capital investment of 357 million yuan, changing direct financing into PPP co-construction, integrating 122 million yuan into district government financing platform, priing 1.25 billion yuan of social capital, and focusing on promoting the construction of poverty alleviation infrastructure projects. Change free use to equity cooperation, form operating agricultural assets for financial input, and quantify equity to every member of collective economic organization and poor households; change direct investment to turnover use, according to "none"

According to the principle of compensated funds, paid use and rolling development, 15-200000 yuan of industrial development funds have been established for 114 poor villages, which are lent to poor households to develop short-term, flat and fast projects for revolving use.

In this survey, the research team deeply realized that we must rely on reform and breakthroughs to overcome poverty. The effect of "killing many birds with one stone" can be achieved by using poverty alleviation policies, cultivating new business entities, increasing the income of poor households, and developing agricultural industries; through the reform and innovation of poverty alleviation investment methods, we can establish a reasonable risk-sharing and income distribution mechanism. a large amount of financial and social capital investment can be mobilized to truly realize "living water for a source".

Since the provincial party committee put forward the main direction of deepening rural reform in 2014, all localities have really put the reform in an important position in the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and promoted it like a raging fire. The data can also show the situation: the progress in the determination of rural property rights is leading in the country, and the confirmation of contracted management rights will be basically completed this year; in the past three years, the transfer area of contracted land has increased by 4.21 million mu, reaching 16.199 million mu; large grain growers and large-scale farmers have increased by 4178 and 6808 respectively, and family farms, farmers' cooperative organizations and leading enterprises above scale have increased by 17000, 28000 and 840 respectively. Through the joint efforts of the whole province, we have found a way of rural reform with Sichuan characteristics in the new period.