Why don't farmers burn straw here?

Core reading

Straw burning is a headache in many places during the annual wheat harvest season. Everyone knows that straw burning not only pollutes the environment, but also wastes resources, but still can not get out of the strange circle of "shouting to ban burning year after year, and strictly guard against it year after year." This summer, Bengbu, Anhui Province, grasped the key issue of comprehensive utilization of straw, took a number of measures to resolve the long-standing contradictions in the recycling and utilization of straw, and realized the comprehensive utilization of 90% of straw.

The golden waves roll and the ears of wheat are yellow. In the past, during the wheat harvest season, there was not only the joy of a bumper harvest, but also the agony of burning straws. many cadres stationed in the fields and slept on the ground, strictly guarding against death, but still could not protect where a fire would be lit at any time.

However, recently, he Houhui, a villager representative of Mohekou Village, Huaishang District, Bengbu, Anhui Province, told reporters, "the guaranteed area this year did not emit a puff of smoke, and the deposit paid before can be saved, and you can get some more reward." This summer, there was no fire in Bengbu, Anhui Province, and 91.1% of the straw was used comprehensively. On the one hand, strong ban on burning, strict supervision, on the other hand, promote comprehensive utilization, dredge the channels to change straw into "real gold", the old and difficult problem of straw burning is gradually resolved.

Straw burning can not be banned, dredging the way out, farmers and acquisition brokers benefit both.

In order to strictly prevent straw burning, Bengbu City divides each village into different areas. Members of the two village committees, villagers' representatives and party members form an inspection team, which is on duty in groups of two 24 hours a day. He Houhui is a member of the inspection team. Every day, he will conduct a comprehensive inspection of the covered area, promptly clear and transport the straw stacked by the roadside in Tian Tou, publicize and promote techniques such as smashing and returning to the field, deep ploughing and deep planting, and also implement corresponding fire prevention measures. strengthen the safety supervision of temporary stacking and bundling sites.

"every village, town and county and district cadre has paid a corresponding amount of deposit, signed a letter of commitment, and is responsible for it at the first level." He Houhui said, "in the event of a fire, the deposit will be fully deducted and the relevant responsible persons will be held responsible for supervision, and the year-end assessment will be 'vetoed by one vote'."

"Straw burning can not be banned, the more important thing is to dredge the way out and expand the comprehensive utilization channels of straw." Li Yong, deputy director of the Bengbu Municipal Committee of Agriculture, said.

Zhou Guangtang, a villager of Mohekou Village, felt the advantage of not burning straw. "in the past, the stacked straw was burned by itself, which took time and effort not to say, and sometimes the farmhouses beside the fields were burned, and there were a lot of accidents." Zhou Guangtang said. Today, in the open land at the head of the village, bundled straw is piled up like mountains, where straw purchasing brokers pull the straw away and send it to power plants, cattle farms and other places; in the fields, the crushed stubble is mixed in the soft soil, emitting bursts of wheat fragrance. Zhou Guangtang told reporters, "the shredder and baler are advancing rapidly, and the cultivation of the next crop is not delayed. at the same time, the crushed straw is put into the land, and the straw after bundling is recycled, and the effect of ecological and environmental protection is obvious."

On the other hand, brokers who are busy buying in the countryside can also get a lot of benefits. For example, Zhao Yongchuan, head of Wanmeng Agricultural Machinery Farmers' Professional Cooperative in Sanpu Village, Huaishang District, Bengbu, buys a large amount of straw every year. He knows that straw per mu can be subsidized by 20 yuan per mu, and a ton of straw can be generated by 5 mu of land. If you buy a ton of straw, you can get a subsidy of 80 yuan, 100 yuan, plus the price of 280 yuan per ton sold to the power plant. On average, one ton of straw can be purchased with an income of 360 yuan, 380 yuan. "the cooperative has purchased more than a dozen sets of agricultural machinery and equipment, such as straw grinders, and the subsidies of the state, provinces, cities and counties together can reach 40% of the purchase expenditure." Zhao Yongchuan said that apart from the cost input of purchasing equipment, storage and manpower, the net profit of each ton of straw acquisition can also be 100 RMB150.

It is reported that Bengbu City produced 1.69 million tons of wheat straw this summer, of which 870000 tons were used for returning to the field, 140000 tons for half of the amount returned to the field, with a utilization rate of 59.8%. Of this, 200000 tons were used for power generation, 140000 tons for feed production, 60, 000 tons for base material, 40, 000 tons of compost and 90, 000 tons for fuel, with a utilization rate of 31. 4%.

Straw utilization forms a circular industrial chain, turning waste into treasure, and farmers and enterprises achieve a win-win situation.

How is the comprehensive utilization of the acquired straw?

The reporter learned that in the production area of Anhui Laimjia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huaiyuan County, Bengbu City, the comprehensive utilization of straw is forming a circular industrial chain: the straw recovered by the company is fermented by bacteria injection and turned into organic fertilizer after local ripening. The fertilizer is used to test the mushroom base material, and the base material is sold to the surrounding farmers, who sell the mushroom residue back to the company after the mushroom is produced, and the company uses the mushroom residue containing a large number of mushroom hyphae to produce organic fertilizer with high nutritional content.

"if it is just cooked locally to make ordinary organic fertilizer, the price is low, the company can hardly make a profit, and there is not much incentive to recycle straw." Zhang Congjun, chairman of the company, said that now mushroom base materials can be sold to farmers to generate income, and the company also earns money. at the same time, mushroom residue is recycled into highly nutritious organic fertilizer, and the price is much higher than that of ordinary fertilizers.

Straw recycling is beneficial to ecological protection, but the difficulty of comprehensive utilization of straw mainly lies in cost consumption. If the cost is too high, the practice and promotion will be affected. " Zhang Congjun pointed out. The company's practice is not alone, the production of plates, biomass fuel, a lot of comprehensive utilization of straw, all make great efforts to reduce costs and turn waste into treasure.

"according to the conventional mode, wood flour is the main raw material for the production of plastic wood, but on the one hand, it wastes a lot of forest resources, on the other hand, it is not easy to crush wood and has high moisture content." Wan Yuqing, general manager of Anhui Xuelang Bio-based Industrial Technology Co., Ltd., said that now his company uses deeply processed straw powder as raw material, coupled with certain recycled plastics and injection agents, the plastic and wood board produced is strong and durable, and the straw is digested. It also reduces the cost of the enterprise and achieves a win-win situation.

The reward and subsidy policy can arouse the enthusiasm of all parties, and farmers look forward to increasing subsidies and technical guidance.

In order to better promote the comprehensive utilization of straw, Bengbu is also adopting a series of reward and subsidy policies.

Li Yong, deputy director of the Bengbu Municipal Committee of Agriculture, told reporters that in policy, for cooperatives who purchase professional machinery such as straw grinders and balers, the government will give priority to giving the corresponding amount of subsidy. "for enterprises that use straw for high-temperature composting, fuel production, power generation, and for brokers involved in straw acquisition, the government will also give a certain amount of subsidy to prevent enterprises from losing money."

"the cost of comprehensive utilization of straw is often not low. Only by adopting positive incentives to help enterprises and related personnel reduce the cost of utilization can we mobilize the enthusiasm of collection, storage and comprehensive utilization." Li Yong said.

In this regard, Zhao Yongchuan hopes that government subsidies can be distributed faster and support more strongly. "the cooperative invested more than 10 million yuan last year, but this year it caught up with Rain Water, and the number of straw acquisitions and profits have declined." Zhao Yongchuan said.

Li Yong pointed out that subsidies for the purchase of relevant agricultural machinery and equipment, straw power generation and other enterprises should also be increased. "on the whole, the number of agricultural machinery used for straw crushing, baling and other agricultural machinery in the city is still on the low side, and more cooperatives and brokers should be encouraged to buy." it is also necessary to increase subsidies and other forms to enable enterprises that digest straw to make profits.

In terms of straw returning to the field, Li Yong suggested that the promotion and publicity of straw returning to the field and related technical guidance should be increased. "returning straw to the field in the short term is conducive to increasing soil organic matter, but long-term straw returning to the field is easy to cause soil softness. Some insect eggs attached to straw can easily lead to soil diseases and insect pests. The land should be ploughed and ploughed deeply every three years or so, and at the same time, the daily process of returning straw to the field should also strengthen the prevention and monitoring of diseases and insect pests.