On the signal of Agricultural supply-side Reform from the Perspective of "Sanxia"

The structural adjustment aims at the deficiency of the market, the green technology model promotes high yield and high efficiency, and the role of the new management main body as a new force is highlighted, thus showing the effect of increasing farmers' income in Shanxi-- "this year, my family uses the latest varieties of wheat seeds, which can prevent diseases and insect pests." it can also increase production. In previous years, the medicine had to be injected three times before the summer harvest, spending nearly 30 yuan per mu of land. this year, not only the money of spraying was saved, but the yield per mu also reached 500 kilograms. " Houma City Shangma Office Shangma Village Zhou Caixia's bags of wheat piled up as high as hills.

Another harvest season! This is already the 13th bumper harvest year of summer grain in our province, and it is also a bumper harvest achieved in the continuous deepening of the development of grain "structure adjustment and transformation" under the background of promoting the structural reform on the supply side of agriculture. From relatively attaching importance to output to pursuing the all-round development of "yield, quality and ecology", from single technological renewal to collaborative innovation of seed, water, fertilizer, medicine, machine and so on. From immersing oneself in farming to following the demand of the market, the new characteristics, new trends, and new achievements reflected in this year's "three summers" have not only opened up the situation for the adjustment of the agricultural structure during the 13th five-year Plan period, but also explored the path. it has also boosted the confidence of "improving quality and efficiency, stabilizing grain income and increasing income".

Structural adjustment aims at the deficiency of the market

The most prominent problem on the agricultural supply side is the coexistence of "difficult to buy" and "difficult to sell". At present, some old problems still appear in the development of planting industry in our province. In food crops, there is a contradiction between supply and demand, such as a large gap in wheat and temporary surplus in corn. According to the public data of Shanxi Grain Bureau, in 2015, our province produced 2.714 billion kg of wheat, resulting in a shortfall of 3 billion kg between production and demand. It is very urgent for our province to further adjust and optimize the planting structure by giving full play to our strengths and avoiding weaknesses.

Wheat is the most important food rations in our province, and it is of great significance to stabilize wheat production. The reporter learned from the Provincial Department of Agriculture that our province will develop high-quality special wheat and order production. Introduce, select, demonstrate and popularize a number of high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, lodging-resistant and stress-resistant varieties to give full play to the yield-increasing potential of excellent varieties. Integrated promotion of cost-saving and efficient cultivation techniques to ensure that the wheat area is stable and the production level is steadily improved.

In terms of planting regional layout, we will stabilize the south, restore and expand the planting area of winter wheat in the middle, and appropriately develop spring wheat in the north. Yuncheng, Linfen and Jincheng and other dominant areas should make efforts to improve quality, save cost and increase efficiency, and develop high-quality strong-gluten wheat. In the planting mode, we should vigorously popularize the practical technology of exploring soil moisture and furrow sowing of dryland wheat, improve the planting efficiency, strive to stabilize the planting area of wheat in the province at more than 10 million mu and the yield at more than 2.5 billion kg by 2020, and strive to improve the self-sufficient level of food rations. At the same time, corn planting should be moderately reduced.

The adjustment in production is only the beginning, which brings about the extension of the wheat processing industry chain, the technological innovation of agricultural products processing and food manufacturing industry, the innovation of marketing mode, the innovation of management mode, the innovation of the mode of combination of industry, university and research, and so on. it has further promoted the transformation and upgrading of the whole industry chain.

Cui Luxun, a farmer in Dongtan, Huafeng Township, Yuanqu County, has planted a crop of corn in the pure dry land, but the yield of the replanted wheat per mu is still as high as 654.7 kg, which is 22.2kg higher than the record 632.5 kg of dryland wheat in the province. "this is a technologically efficient wheat integration technology used under the explanation and guidance of Professor Wang Mengliang of Shanxi University," he said. "

Under the guidance of the Institute of Applied Chemistry of Shanxi University and Shanda New Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., the dry land organic wheat flour produced by Donghe Village and Nanlian Village Mills in Yuanqu County has been sold more than 8 tons in Taiyuan, and the consumers' turning rate is getting higher and higher.

The signal of the reform of the wheat market is strongly released from the summer grain production, which has a more profound impact on the development of the whole industry.

Green technology model promotes high yield and high efficiency

Throughout the development of grain production in recent years, although there have been bumper harvests in successive years, some problems have been revealed, such as extensive management, flood and fertilizer, unreasonable application of pesticides, and so on. it not only wastes agricultural resources, pollutes the environment, raises production costs, but also affects the quality of agricultural products. It is urgent to change the mode of agricultural development.

This year's golden wheat waves are full of green. The villagers of Kouzili Village, Duandian Township, Yaodu District, Linfen City have had a bumper harvest of dryland wheat, with a maximum yield of 300 kg per mu. These plots are 1000 mu demonstration fields of Linfen Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, which are mainly used to promote a dryland wheat variety called Linfeng 3. Linfeng No. 3 was developed by the Dryland Wheat breeding Laboratory of Wheat Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Because of its combination of drought resistance, high quality and high yield, this variety is deeply recognized by wheat farmers in the production demonstration and affirmed by the agricultural technology department. it has a total extension area of more than 20 million mu in Shanxi Province and its surrounding provinces.

During the summer harvest, a straw grinder was installed on the combine harvester, and when the wheat was harvested, all the wheat straw was crushed and returned to the field. Villager Guo Laixi told reporters that after returning wheat straw to the field, the content of organic matter in cultivated land has increased, and it can also conserve water and fertilizer, increase crop yield, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, save money and protect the environment.

Different from the high-input and high-consumption technology model of "only yield" in the past, the new harvester with straw bundling makes the harvester more and more labor-saving and efficient, and these measures effectively reduce the production cost and improve the management benefit. it is these green technology models that support the realization of high yield and high efficiency of summer grain. Green technology model can not only "reduce costs", but also "increase per unit yield" and "increase production capacity". Under the explanation and guidance of Professor Wang Mengliang, farmers in Dongtan Village, Huafeng Township, Yuanqu County changed the phenomenon that they used a large number of chemical fertilizers in pursuit of yield, resulting in serious nitrite residues and soil consolidation. A set of efficient wheat integrated technology system was formed by packaging wheat seed and biological fertilizer sowing technology in the same hole, field management "weeding forward" and "three spraying and three prevention" 333 management during the whole growth period.

Through the production of summer grain, we can see that changing the mode of agricultural production and utilization of resources, implementing the strategy of scientific and technological innovation, and promoting the transformation of agricultural development from relying on material input to relying on scientific and technological progress as soon as possible is not only the need to improve the agricultural ecological environment, but also the guarantee to promote agricultural cost-saving and increase efficiency and increase farmers' income.

The role of a new type of business entity as a new force is prominent.

"it takes about 20 minutes to harvest an acre of wheat, and it's very fast!" Han Xigang, a farmer in Shidian Village, Shangma Office in Houma City, said: "in recent years, farming has become more and more labor-saving, mechanized throughout the process, made a few phone calls, solved all from harvesting and sowing, and delivered the wheat directly home after harvesting. The price is also very favorable. The continuous harvest and sowing of our land took a total of less than two hours, and it did not delay my time to go to work, and the enthusiasm of farming has been improved. "

Xu Hongliang, a farm mechanic, has participated in summer harvest work for more than ten years and is already an old mechanic. He told reporters, "the current harvester has high horsepower, fast harvesting speed and high quality." In the past two years, the county has paid more and more attention to grain production, and some policies have been issued with more preferential policies, including wheat subsidies for growing wheat and agricultural machinery subsidies for buying combine harvesters. "

Feng Jianmin, deputy director of Houma Agricultural Machinery Development Center, said that in order to do a good job in summer harvest, the agricultural machinery department of Houma City has set up a "wheat harvesting and cross-district operation service reception station" along the main traffic lines to provide information consultation and locomotive dispatching services to operating locomotives. At the same time, an emergency rescue team has been set up, which will be invested in disaster prevention and mitigation work in a rapid and orderly manner in the event of disastrous weather, so as to minimize the loss of grain production.

In addition, "Tian nanny" has become a new fashion in rural areas. Jia Zhenfang, an old man in Zuobei Village in Hongdong County, whose children are all working outside and without labor at home, entrusts all the farm work of the "three summers" to the "Tian nanny" in the village.

The "field babysitter" that Jia Zhenfang mentioned is the agricultural mechanic of the agricultural machinery co-operative in the village. These "professional farmers" who stay in the village specialize in taking care of agricultural work. they have all kinds of agricultural machinery and are skilled in the operation of agricultural machinery, and a few people can take down the farm work of the whole village.

In the final analysis, the reason why "nanny Tian" has become a new fashion in the village is the need of reality. Zhang Genping, a branch secretary of Zuobei Village, said that his village has more than 2000 mu of arable land and more than 2000 people. Now more than 700 strong laborers are working outside, and there are either women and children left in the village, or the elderly who have little ability to work. Therefore, the farm work of every household depends on the "field babysitter".

The new main body of agricultural operation, which is characterized by moderate scale operation, plays a more obvious role as a new force in reform, which is a major trend in summer grain production this year. In this year's summer grain production, the benign interaction between the agricultural supply-side structural reform and the new agricultural management subjects has vividly proved that it is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all kinds of management subjects. we will speed up the construction of a modern agricultural management system based on household management, linked by cooperation and association, and supported by socialized service, and at the same time vigorously cultivate new business entities and new professional farmers. Encourage it to become a new force in promoting agricultural supply-side structural reform.