Why farmers are no longer willing to farm for a living

Yuan Longping, academician Yuan Longping, member of the CPPCC National Committee and father of hybrid rice in China, once calculated an account with the reporter: "according to the survey and statistics of the Price Bureau of Hunan Province, the net income of farmers planting rice in 2011 was only 116.6 yuan. But it includes 109.1 yuan of national grain direct subsidy, in fact, excluding subsidies, the net income of farmers is only 7.50 yuan."

This is not the first time that Academician Yuan Longping has made an appeal on the "three rural issues" such as grain prices and farmers' subsidies. Why did Mr. Yuan Longping put forward such a proposal again and again? Because he has been dealing with land and knows the real situation in rural areas, farmers, and agriculture, he is as anxious and worried as the peasants in the cold reality that "farmers earn 7.50 yuan per mu of land." As a farmer, although I have gone out to work and stopped farming these years, my eldest brother is farming, my father-in-law is farming, many of my relatives and friends are also farming, and I have my own land (big brother is planting). Therefore, I am no stranger to the situation in rural areas, especially the income of farmers from farming. When I came home for the Spring Festival this year, I asked my eldest brother how was the income from farming? The eldest brother made an account for me. The eldest brother planted a total of 15 mu of his own land plus mine. Due to the drought, the output of wheat and rape has been greatly reduced, and even the capital has not been collected. I thought that rice could make up for the loss of wheat and rape in autumn, but I didn't expect to encounter a pest disaster. When I was about to harvest, it was eaten by rice planthopper in a large area, and the yield of 600 jin per mu was not received. Excluding the costs of farming fuel, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, film, harvester and so on, I worked hard for a year in 2011, and my eldest brother was empty-handed! In fact, even if the weather goes well, coupled with the state grain subsidy, the eldest brother planting 15 mu of land excluding the expenditure on production costs, the final net income is only a little more than 2000 yuan. If you take into account the labor costs of the eldest brother and sister-in-law, that kind of land is equivalent to a loss for a year. This is the reality of big brother farming. If you do not understand the situation in rural areas, some city dwellers may find it difficult to believe that farmers can only earn so much money by growing grain. Although the state has given more and more support and subsidies to farmers in growing grain in recent years, the prices of agricultural means of production such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers, seeds, film, and fuel have risen year after year, offsetting farmers' grain income to a large extent. many farmers are as difficult as my eldest brother to get rich by farming. Therefore, the eldest brother and sister-in-law also need to go out to do short-term work in their spare time to support their families.

Businessmen make money from business, and workers get paid for their work, all in order to make life better and better. Of course, the same is true for farmers who grow grain. If a farmer has worked hard to grow grain for a year and his income is only one or two thousand yuan, and it is difficult even to make a basic living, how can he love grain production? How can farmers be reassured to cultivate the land? You know, this money also has to pay for the child's tuition and human relations, and if you are sick, it is a drop in the bucket. I am glad to see that members of the CPPCC like Academician Yuan Longping have called loudly for farmers, rural areas, and agriculture again and again. Calculating the account of growing grain is not that I, a farmer, is crying for poverty, but a true portrayal of my eldest brother and many farmers. Why has it been difficult for farmers to get rich by growing grain? This is obviously not a question that I, as a farmer, can answer. In rural areas, especially in some villages that mainly grow grain, a large number of young and middle-aged workers go to work in cities, in the process of industrialization and urbanization. The elderly and women became the main body of farming. At the same time, most of the new generation of migrant workers in cities are not interested in agriculture and do not want to return to their hometown for farming. So in the future, "who will farm the land" and "how to grow the land"? The deputies and committee members expressed their own views.

Member Huang Hongxiang, researcher of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural regionalization of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences: at present, the rural areas are mainly cultivated by "Unit 3899." the Hubei Provincial Agricultural Department has conducted door-to-door surveys in Zhudun Village, Zaoyang City, Wucheng Village, Chongyang County, and Gonggang Village, Jianli County. According to the survey, some time ago. At present, the overall age of local agricultural personnel is older, the quality is low, over 60 years old accounted for 25%, primary school education and illiteracy accounted for 55%. This situation is widespread all over the country. At present, "3899 troops" are mainly farming in rural areas, and this trend is difficult to change in the short term. If the problem that the income of farming is not as high as that of working is not solved, this kind of situation will be very difficult to change. In fact, in order to improve the enthusiasm of farmers in growing grain, the state has issued a series of policies to support and benefit farmers in recent years, such as exemption from agricultural tax, direct subsidies for grain, subsidies for improved varieties, comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery, and the implementation of the policy of minimum purchase price for grain. Farmers' income has continued to grow steadily, achieving the "eight-company fast". However, due to the low efficiency of growing grain, a large number of rural young and middle-aged workers still choose to work in cities. Deputy Dong Changsheng, president of Shanxi Agricultural University: land farmers have reduced the number of migrant workers caused by half of the gap between urban and rural areas, which I once found in a rural area in a mountainous area of Shanxi Province. Half of the labor force left in the village are old people and children, only one of them has a high school education, and the rest are below primary school. The base number of farmers is decreasing, due to internal agriculture, but a considerable number of them are outside agriculture, and the number of farmers directly engaged in agriculture caused by unequal educational resources, employment remuneration and development opportunities is decreasing. China's aging population and the tide of fewer children and urbanization have an impact on agricultural production and agricultural labor force.

Very concerned about who will farm in the future, "as the older generation of intellectuals. Who will guard our 'rice bags' and 'vegetable baskets' and other questions. If this problem is not solved in a timely and proper manner, it will affect the harmonious situation between China's new industrialization and economic and social development. " Academicians of the two academies said. Such pictures are often seen in the fields: women and old people are sweating and working in the beginning of spring. Children play next to them, or help from time to time. The collective flight of young and middle-aged workers sets off the reality of China's rural areas. They fled the countryside and went to the factories in the city to live as a migrant worker. In the fields, agricultural production has to be undertaken by a "mixed army" of women, children and the elderly. the new generation of post-80s and post-90s farmers are getting farther and farther away from the land, and generally lack the will and skills to engage in agricultural production. This phenomenon has aroused great concern from all walks of life. Represented by Shi Changxu, president of the Council of the Association of Senior Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 15 academicians of the two academies jointly submitted to the central decision-making level three suggestions on solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The 15 academicians of the two academies pointed out that among them. If we do not strategically study and solve the problem of the new generation of farmers abandoning agriculture, the populous country will face the situation that no one is willing to cultivate land. This is also the central topic of the national seminar on modern vocational peasant education strategy recently held in Jiangsu Province.

Unmanned land is an unavoidable problem that a large number of rural labor force, especially young and middle-aged labor force, have been transferred to non-agricultural industries, with the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization in our country. The phenomenon of the new generation of farmers abandoning agriculture is becoming increasingly prominent, and the shortage of agricultural labor is becoming more and more serious. The proportion of employees in China's primary industry in social employees has dropped to 38.1%, according to statistics. The proportion of rural employment has dropped to 63.4%, the number of agricultural employees has dropped sharply, the aging trend is serious, and the pattern of lack of successors in agricultural production is intensifying. 80% of the farmers are between the ages of 50 and 70, in some rural areas of the Midwest. They are not only ignorant of modern agricultural technology, but also too old to farm, resulting in more land being abandoned. Among the agricultural workers in the country, the results of the second national agricultural census further show the seriousness of this problem. By the end of 2006. 5.3% of people under 20 years old accounted for 14.9% of those over the age of 30 accounted for 32.5% of those aged over 50. In some leading areas of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of aging of agricultural workers is more serious. Take the population engaged in agricultural production in Zhejiang as an example, 53% are over 50 years old and only 6% are under 30 years old. Even students from rural areas, the "post-90s" in school. Most of them never regard farmers as their future career choice. Most of the post-80s and post-90s who are looking for jobs or doing business outside the country are also reluctant to return to rural areas for farming. In 1996, the first agricultural census, from a dynamic point of view. The proportion of agricultural employees over the age of 50 was only 18.1%, rising to 32.5% in the second agricultural census. It increased by 14.4 percentage points in the past 10 years. According to this trend, by the third national agricultural census in 2016, the proportion of China's agricultural labor force over the age of 50 will exceed 50%. According to the relevant UN agencies, Shu Huairui, Wang Maohua, Shen Yungang and other academicians said. The agricultural labor force aged 45 and above is the elderly labor force, and when the proportion of this labor force exceeds 15% of the agricultural labor force, it can be called the elderly structure of the labor force. According to this standard, such issues as "who will farm the land" and "who will rely on whom to realize agricultural modernization" are really worrying. As the most populous country in the world, experts from the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University and Wuhan University believe that. The lack of a stable successor labor force in agricultural production has become a serious hidden danger threatening national food security. In the next 10 to 20 years, this problem will become more prominent and may even have an impact on the world.

Training a new type of professional farmers is a common practice in developed countries the CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to the issues of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and food security, said Shen Qihan, Chen Wenxin, Yu Chongwen, and other academicians. Especially in recent years, the government's increased investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers is obvious to all, but practice has proved that the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is very complicated. In addition to the guarantee of understanding and thinking, it is also necessary to establish a long-term mechanism for practical work to bring the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers into the track of legalization. It would be better to go out to work for a month and grow land for a year. Rural areas can not keep the pace of the relocation of young and middle-aged labor force. Academicians Zheng Zhemin, Yu Hongru, Guo Musun, and Zhai Guangming believe that this has greatly dampened the enthusiasm of farmers, especially the post-80s and post-90s generation, who are engaged in agricultural production. The fundamental way to solve the problem is to learn from the successful experience of developed countries. Due to the rapid development of industry, Western European countries after World War II. At one time, the gap between urban and rural areas widened rapidly. However, these countries have clearly stipulated in the form of law that agricultural operators must receive the same economic income as those employed in other occupations. Japan has learned from the experience of Western European countries, and at the beginning of the take-off of the industrial economy, that is, in 1961, it promptly formulated the Agricultural basic Law, which aims at narrowing the differences between workers and farmers and between urban and rural areas, and achieving a balanced income of workers in agriculture and other industries, and vigorously develop rural industries. The average number of years of education for the Japanese agricultural labor force was 11.7 years, as early as 1975. Roughly equivalent to China's high school graduation; most of the Dutch farmers graduated from senior or secondary professional agricultural schools, and every year about 20% of employed farmers enter various vocational schools to receive continuing education. In the agricultural labor force of our country, according to statistics. The proportion of junior high school and below is as high as 95%, senior high school accounts for 4.1%, and college and above account for only 0.2%. The serious shortage of agricultural skilled personnel will bring serious consequences to the construction of the new countryside. Academicians Liang Sili, Huang Zuqia, Tong Zhipeng, and Dai Yuanben believe that while the state continues to vigorously promote the transfer of rural labor, it should pay close attention to the lack of successors in agricultural production. To vigorously develop rural-oriented vocational education and establish a compensation education mechanism for farmers, farmers have not been treated as city dwellers. Few people care about water conservancy, garbage, electricity, Internet access, medical care and other problems in rural areas. The country urgently needs to repay its historical debt to "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" education in the past. Train professional farmers or professional farmers of planting and breeding. First of all, great efforts should be made to develop rural-oriented vocational education, suggested by academicians of the two academies. Train a group of excellent professional farmers.

The vocational and technical education in rural areas shall be incorporated into the overall national education plan, the vocational education training network shall be improved, and special funds shall be allocated by the central and local governments for rural middle and high school graduates who fail to enter higher-level schools, vocational and technical education including scientific farming, aquaculture and modern agriculture shall be provided free of charge, and vocational skills identification certificates shall be issued. Encourage a number of high-quality talents to return to their hometown to build a new countryside. It can be dominated by central finance and supplemented by local finance, and secondly, we should vigorously promote entrepreneurship in our hometown. Set up a young farmer entrepreneurship fund, ordinary high school or vocational middle school graduates engaged in agricultural operation and reach a certain scale, professional farmers who return home to start a business can be given corresponding financial support. In addition, it is necessary to formulate and improve graduates of colleges and universities, especially those related to agriculture, to devote themselves to the construction of modern agriculture, explore and formulate preferential support policies to attract urban youth to engage in agriculture, and adopt treatment such as retaining urban household registration and providing social security. attract them to become an important part of modern professional farmers. Great efforts should be made to cultivate and develop large farmers, and third, to speed up the transfer of land. Create a large number of professional farmers. A survey from Jilin Province shows that the average net income of large corn growers with a scale of 20 mu and 30 mu is 12000 yuan and 23000 yuan respectively, which is basically the same as that of migrant workers who go out to work and do business. these people will not easily leave the countryside after they become professional farmers. Improve the quality of agricultural employees. For example, the fourth is to strengthen vocational training for farmers. Strengthen the construction of education and training infrastructure for farmers, further increase the scale of funds for scientific and technological training subsidies for professional farmers, expand policy coverage, innovate training forms, and provide free vocational skills training to farmers who stay in rural areas to engage in agricultural production. Subsidies to qualified professional farmers can tilt the current direct subsidies for grain production and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery to professional farmers. Promote professional farmers to have the ability to expand the scale of production and improve market competitiveness.

Wang Haibo, vice president of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, member: the low efficiency of agriculture and the natural lack of human race is actually an issue related to the efficiency of agricultural production. At present, the question of "who will farm the land" seems to be a human problem. Most of farmers' income comes from non-agricultural industries, so naturally no one wants to farm land. In some places it has reached 1000 meters. A large area of farmland in Hebei is short of water. Throughout the north, the shortage of water in farmland is almost irreversible. Due to years of resource overdraft, I wrote this article alarmingly three years ago. Three years later, my worries have become a reality. The soaring prices of food and vegetables have been felt by everyone. When I wrote this article three years ago, I only analyzed the crisis of unmanned farming. If we write this article again today, it will add an even more intractable crisis, that is, water shortage in farmland. The groundwater in Beijing has reached 2000 meters and that in Shanxi. Not only the price of food will rise, but also the price of coal, gas and water will rise. The rise in the prices of these basic elements will certainly lead to a rise in the prices of other daily necessities. Ordinary Chinese will soon tighten their belts. I took some students back to my hometown in Anhui for research. According to rural cadres, this summer. At present, only some of the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled are farming in the countryside, and those who are slightly promising have all gone out. They asked anxiously, "who will farm ten years from now?" I remember that when we were in primary school, the teacher taught us to call us "Uncle worker", "Uncle PLA" and "Uncle Peasant".

From then on, farmers are simple and honest elders in my impression. But now the "farmer uncle" no longer farming, the farmers are "farmer grandpa" and "farmer grandmother". I have seen some village cadres, who are also "grandparents", most of whom are over fifty, and some are already in their sixties. They said that the young people had all gone out, and those who had not gone out did not want to be village officials: "there is only a thousand-odd quick money a year, so what is the motivation?" According to them, rural schools are empty: "all the good teachers are gone, and so are the students." When I came back, I looked up the data and found that the serious aging of the farming population was a national phenomenon. The average age of those who are in better condition is in their forties, while those who are almost in their fifties are in their fifties. There are only some white-haired people left in the green mountains and rivers. In the past, although the countryside was poor, chickens and dogs jumped, and people barked happily, it could be described as a "boiling village", but now the feast is impermanent, and the scenery is no longer there, and it is only a bit joyful during the Spring Festival. In some villages, strong men could not be found to lift agricultural machinery. Some people sigh that in a few years, I'm afraid we won't even be able to find someone to carry the coffin. The recollection of rural pastoral songs is not important. The important thing is that in another decade, the average age of China's agricultural population will reach 50 or even 60 years old. With the death of "peasant grandpa" and "peasant grandmother", the number of farmers will decrease sharply. We cannot count on wishful thinking that the migrant workers who come to the city ten years later will return to the countryside and relive their life of "facing the loess and facing the sky". Will I, a farmer's child, go home to farm? Would you? The transfer of population from rural to urban areas is irreversible, which is a universal experience in the world. The monotonous, lonely and miserable life experience of the rural areas and farmers makes them enter the cities like the Yellow River into the sea, never to return. Moreover, after leaving their hometown for a few years, their physical fitness has deteriorated and their age has aged. Even if they are willing to return to the land, they are no longer heroes. One of my peasant brothers, who soon entered the city, once looked at the farm work and sighed, "No, I really can't do it." In recent years, the state has increased agricultural subsidies to alleviate the situation, but we must not expect to "overcome" the trend of aging farmers and hollowing out of rural areas through subsidies.

Due to the land policy of previous dynasties in China, the land occupied by each household is very limited, and the farmland has been shelled and patched, so it is impossible to seek economies of scale. This kind of small-scale agriculture of "one mu and three mu of land" can provide food and clothing for farmers, but cannot make them rich; it can solve the problem of survival, but not development. Although there are a few exceptions, the overall judgment that "farming is hard to get rich" is difficult to change. In the era when the whole people become rich, more and more farmers place their dreams of getting rich in cities. Due to the tile and patching of farmland, it is difficult to carry out agricultural mechanization and modernization. I am not an expert on the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, but there is a truth that I have thought through: the fields always have to be planted, either human or mechanical. Today, farmers are unwilling to farm their fields, and they are unable to do so by machine. Sooner or later, there will be a "food shortage" and a "grain panic". This year, just because of the rise in meat prices, it has caused high tensions in society and the government. What will happen if the price of grain, oil and vegetables doubles one day? The aging of agricultural population and the hollowing out of rural areas are not unique problems in China. Both Japan and South Korea are experiencing the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers-aging farmers, hollowing out of agriculture and rural bankruptcy. According to the statistics of the Korean Bureau of Statistics in 2006, 30% of the rural population in South Korea are over the age of 65, and the degree of aging is more than three times the average in South Korea. As of December 2005, South Korea's rural population accounted for more than half of the total population compared with 15 years ago. The root cause of the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in South Korea is that the productivity is low, the per capita cultivated land is 1.36 hectares, the degree of agricultural mechanization cannot be improved, and the price of agricultural products is 2.85 times higher than that of international agricultural products. The government's response is to encourage the concentration of agricultural land for large-scale operation. We will develop rural tourism and local industries and raise the non-agricultural income of farmers. The government plans to invest $119 billion in agricultural revitalization funds from 2004 to 2013 in an attempt to bring agriculture back to life. Japanese young people seldom devote themselves to agriculture.

In 1999, the number of Japanese peasant households was 3.24 million, nearly half of the 6 million in 1950. About 50% of the agricultural employed population are over the age of 65, and the aging is serious. Compared with the 1950s, crop acreage has been reduced by about half, resulting in a decline in the food self-sufficiency rate from 60% in the early 1970s to about 30% now, relying heavily on imports from China and the United States. For China, the uniqueness and importance of this issue is that China's current population of more than 1.3 billion is expected to rise to 1.6 billion, with no food and instability. Japan and South Korea are short of grain and can rely on China's imports. If China is short of grain, where will it be imported? World food prices are bound to soar. Most of China's citizens live on grain, oil and vegetables at low prices. Once the prices of grains, oils and vegetables double, people's "happiness index" will plummet, and all price systems will fluctuate sharply, leading to political and economic crises. Compared with the prices of grain, oil and vegetables in various countries, it is necessary and inevitable for the prices of grain, oil and vegetables to rise in our country. I am now in Korea and find that the price of their vegetables includes the price of sweet potatoes, which is similar to the price of meat! The aging of farmers and the hollowing out of agriculture have come to us rapidly, and the national decision-makers should be highly vigilant. Because from policy research and adjustment to law formulation and implementation, it takes not only financial resources, manpower, but also time-especially land policy, we must plan ahead. For example, should the farmland transaction policy be loosened to facilitate land transfer and merger, so as to promote agricultural modernization and mechanization? After the land merger, how to bring the land-lost peasants into the state protection? Can the agricultural governance structure be legalized so that farmers can invest in land to set up companies and realize large-scale operation? How to attract social capital to participate in agriculture? After the village is hollowed out, how to merge the village and replan it? Land and agriculture have always been the foundation of the country, so we must be careful. But we should not be timid just because we are afraid of possible risks. We must answer bravely: who will farm in a few years? I am also a university teacher. I am the daughter of a farmer.

I speak according to my conscience and every word is true. Send such a post, hoping to arouse more people to pay attention to the reality of farmers' survival. I can't change the status quo, so I can only use this way, hoping to do something for them. The case encountered by my father and his villagers is only a microcosm of the living situation of 800 million farmers. I know that farmers are bitter in farming, but it is in their hearts. In fact, farmers are also happy, but this happiness comes from living in a closed world. They amuse themselves. But how much do farmers really get? When we go home during the National Day holiday, there are a lot of policies to benefit farmers. Once again, I see the hardship of farmers' survival. Due to the weak supervision of the town government, June 2011. As a result, more than 20 million rice fields in Huapi Town, Changyi District, Jilin Province were flooded, which was reported by local television stations and interviewed the head of the town government, who personally admitted that it was the lack of government supervision that caused the stagnant water to be discharged smoothly, which led to the flooding of fertile land. After more than 20 days of flooding, it was the heading stage, and farmers knew that more than 20 grains of rice would be over. That's exactly what it is. After that, the farmer went to the government many times to solve the problem, and the mayor said, "at the worst, I'm not the mayor of this town. What else can you do?" The simple farmer also thought, "forget it, the land will have to be planted year after year, offending the town government and paying it back!" What if they find a bunch of people to destroy our land. " Pity these farmers, is it kind or ignorant? Or something, I don't know. When I heard my father's words, my heart was really bleeding and tears flowed unconsciously. On October 2, 2011, farmers received a compensation bill. At that time, I happened to go home on National Day. I saw that only rice fields with no harvest could receive a subsidy of 8 yuan per mu. And my family's 4-year harvest also turned into 4 mu, making up 32 yuan.

Seeing this list and looking at the farmer's signature, I was completely speechless. At present, the cost of farming for farmers is very high, and this mere 32 yuan really makes farmers feel cold. Father didn't sign it. He said, "I don't want the 32 yuan." He's angry, and he hates it.

Migrant workers are now a very hot topic, from top to bottom, all the relevant departments pay close attention to such a general and special group of migrant workers with great enthusiasm, but the topic that no one cares about is: who is farming now? Who will farm in ten or twenty years' time? Anyone who has a close relationship or relationship with the most basic rural areas (such as parents, brothers, relatives and friends in the countryside) knows that the people who farm on the vast loess today are middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old. Young men and women under 40, especially under 35, cannot see them on the yellow land. These young people under 35 account for a large proportion of migrant workers. he did. Since the distribution of land to households, farmers have the right to cultivate land freely, so they have surplus labor, so there are groups of migrant workers who go to work in cities. during this period, these migrant workers not only played a very important role in the development of the city, but also made a great contribution to the improvement of the economic conditions of rural farmers. After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, some farmers in rural areas who have earned some money by working in other places no longer want the land their hometown used to be, and they are urban people who have lost their heads and tails; most people go back and forth between the cities where they work and the countryside where they work, and their land is cultivated by their parents or grandparents; there are almost no such families: all the people in the family are farming at home. No one among young people wants to live the same life on the yellow land as their parents or grandparents did, and their parents do not want their offspring to live the same life.

In rural areas, few young men and women under the age of 35 can do those farm work, and they are no longer willing to do those hard farm work. now their parents and grandparents are doing the most basic farm work, but in another decade or two, today's migrant workers who are the main migrant workers are old and have returned home. I would like to ask: who else will go to the countryside to do the most basic farm work? Is it possible that technology can be used to grow rice without artificial soil? Today, however, the form in which fields are distributed to each household is not suitable for large-scale mechanized farming. I think most of the answers are: no. Of course, this includes ourselves. it is new that post-80s rural people do not know how to farm land, so there is no need to count them all. Farming is no longer regarded as our main business. Friends who have come out to work have said: I just like the city and yearn for nightlife. Even if I starve to death in the city, I will not go home to farm. Of course, he may be a little extreme in saying this, but I am not a farmer. I am an out-and-out peasant. Because I can't farm. Farmers are the highest occupation, it can be said that they rule the world, providing food, clothing, housing and transportation, what a noble position, how admirable! But it is a profession that is not desired by people, and even many people will say that farmers are such unpromising people! To crack down on farmers from all aspects, but also let more young people do not dare to join, or even reject. Of course, I do not rule out that many people yearn for the city. The post-80s migrant workers no longer regard working as a temporary job, and no longer regard it as going out to earn some subsidies in their spare time. We rely on working as a reason to weave any lies and stay in the city. Try our best to get rid of the body with the blood of farmers, get rid of the posture of facing the loess and turning to the sky, regardless of all the costs. Our generations will face the same troubles as our parents.

They have dealt with farmland for a generation, they are worried about their successors, they do not want farmland to rest in their hands like this, but they also do not want their children and grandchildren to inherit their careers and be farmers like them. they want their children and grandchildren to go out and live a better life, not like themselves. A very complex society, this is a fast-growing society. Migrant workers like us who are not highly educated are difficult to keep up with the pace, will derail at any time, and will face anti-hometown, while those who will not farm land will face our new challenges when we go back. With the development of society, the progress of technology and the improvement of farmers' labor efficiency, they can spare more time for sideline or going out to work, which is a good thing. But using advanced technology to destroy forests and open up wasteland and destroy ecology, how to face future generations in the future! Who can read this passage? I have no idea. Who can make decisions for the peasants in such matters? I have no idea.

I don't know why so many of the country's preferential agricultural policies have completely changed at the county and township level. Who's in charge. Why are farmers still suffering so much? Because they live at the bottom of the biological chain? I have no idea. Bread is the staff of life! China, which is known as a big agricultural country, has unexpectedly spoiled the countryside in recent years, destroying the agricultural foundation on which more than a billion people depend for survival. The small and medium-sized water conservancy that has been built hard for decades has all been destroyed at once! The slightest ability to resist disasters no longer exists! The slightest climate anomaly will cause large-scale disasters, including floods, droughts, landslides and snow disasters year after year, self-destroying the Great Wall! It's all artificial! The environment has been destroyed! The ecological balance has been destroyed! Destroy land to build a city, destroy land to build a university city, destroy land to build GDP, destroy the survival foundation of more than a billion people! It's a sin through the ages! It's not retrogression, it's destruction! Is a non-renewable, irreversible destruction!

How to solve the problem of who will farm and who will raise pigs is also a problem that the Ministry of Agriculture and other relevant departments will try to solve in the next few years. I have a deep understanding of the difficulty for farmers to grow grain. Many farmers have stopped farming and raising pigs, and large tracts of farmland have been abandoned.

The main reason is that there is no income for farmers to grow grain and raise pigs. Originally, when farmers grow grain, after removing seeds, pesticides and fertilizers, there is little left, and some even lose money. Moreover, there is also a practical problem: "Peasants have to hire people to grow and collect grain. A person has to pay 100 yuan a day and manage three meals, and there must be chicken and meat for meals. Some old people who do not have the ability to work feel that it is too uneconomical. They can only rent arable land to others." Even if the rent is little or no, in fact. Few people are willing to rent. More than 90% of the young people go to work in cities, and there is basically no labor force in rural areas. Some farmers even plant eucalyptus in rice fields, and there are more distressing things. "once the roots of this kind of tree reach into the soil, it can especially absorb water and suck up all the water in the paddy fields. Local farmers say that if you plant eucalyptus trees, you will not be able to grow food for 30 years."

There is still a big gap between China's agricultural science and technology and the new requirements for the construction of modern agriculture and the international advanced level. It is prominently shown in the "three deficiencies": first, the supply of innovative achievements is insufficient. Second, the agricultural technology extension service is insufficient. Third, the total amount of agricultural talents is insufficient. There is a lack of leading talents in agricultural scientific research, and the problem of aging of grass-roots agrotechnical personnel is prominent. A large number of rural young and middle-aged labor force go to work in cities, and "who will farm the land" and "who will raise pigs" in rural areas has become a serious problem that can not be avoided.

Young farmers would rather do the most tiring, painstaking and even dirtiest work in cities than go home to farm. The fundamental reason is that farming is not only hard, but also hard to earn money. Farmers mostly rely on heaven for a living, with good years and some profits. when they encounter years of floods and droughts, they may lose money, or even no harvest. If you go out to work, no matter how low the salary is, you still have an income every month. A laborer grows 10 mu of grain a year, and his net income is about 2,000 yuan, which is less than a month's salary for going out to work.

Can not be ignored, unwilling to farm also has the effect of intergenerational transmission, now most rural youth have lost their farming skills, it is difficult to return to rural areas as farmers, and this impact will extend to the next generation. To solve the problem of who will farm, the most important thing is to solve the problem of whether farmers can make money from farming. If farming at home can lead a happy life, who is willing to leave home, leave their parents and children, and husband and wife live the life of a cowherd and a weaver girl?. And go all the way out to work? A farmer told me that his family of five had 2.9mu of land and could grow a crop of rice for a year and a half. He calculated an account and asked for labor money, plus pesticides, fertilizers, seeds, etc., at a cost of more than 1900 yuan, hitting 2500 jin of millet and selling it for 110 yuan. Even if you sell all the millet, it is only about 2750 yuan, deducting the cost to earn 850 yuan, and the family still has to eat 1000 jin. If you only grow grain, there will be no money for clothing and no per capita expenditure. If farming does not make money, there will be more and more abandonment. CCTV "Economic half hour" made a special topic "Sichuan farmland abandonment Survey: farming when Food prices rise, but lose money." in the camera, we see Li Junhua, a 70-year-old man from Huangjiaowan Village, Leshan Town, Wusheng County, Sichuan Province. a piece of land in his family is covered with barren grass. the old man said that both sons felt that farming was not cost-effective, so they went to work in other provinces and the land was abandoned for six years. The family's farm tools are now covered with rust. Peng Guohua, deputy director of the Agricultural Bureau of Wusheng County, Sichuan Province, said that they investigated the abandoned cultivated land in the county and found that the abandoned cultivated land in the county was about 32000 mu. The main reason why farming does not make money is that the price of grain is low, the cost of growing grain is higher, and the rise in grain prices and subsidies have never escaped the leg of rising prices for the production of raw materials. In other words, the annual increase in grain prices is not enough to offset the increase in production costs.

Under this pressure, farmers have no choice but to abandon this method. The price of grain cannot escape the increase in the price of raw materials because of the slow increase in the price of grain. China is still in the era of cheap grain, which is related to the minimum purchase price of grain set by the state. Of course, the state set the grain purchase price low for the sake of price and stability, but it was set too low, and the other was eaten by a middleman who monopolized the purchase and marketing. This has not only dampened the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain, but also further widened the gap between urban and rural areas and between the rich and the poor. In 1990, the purchase price of grain (rice) in China was 0.22-0.24 yuan per jin, while the lowest purchase price of grain (rice) in 2011 was 1-1.1 yuan per jin, which only increased by about 4 times. However, the price of the means of production has increased more than 20 times in the same period. The salaries of civil servants across the country have increased by about 40-60 times over the same period. The purpose of implementing the minimum grain purchase price in China is to protect the interests of grain farmers, but in fact, it is a constraint on farmers, resulting in grain prices always on the low side, and low prices can only be small profits from growing grain. The fundamental way is to improve the enthusiasm of farmers in farming, to solve this serious problem. If the minimum purchase price cannot be raised substantially, it is necessary to increase subsidies for farmers to cultivate land, especially to coordinate various markets and regulate the prices of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other materials. If we cannot solve the problem that farmers can support their families and lead a good life, who will farm the land will still be a serious problem.

Children's curiosity about the countryside not only reflects the gap between modern teenagers on agriculture and their alienation from fields, but also reflects the shortcomings of modern education and the shortcomings of quality education. When it comes to quality education, people often think of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, singing and dancing. In fact, farming is also a quality education. But most of the children have no difference in grain. Children can tell roses from roses, but not wheat from leeks. Stay away from labor, but also directly lead to lack of diligence in the limbs. Many children cannot carry their hands, shoulders or backs. Away from agricultural labor, but also let children away from the simple feelings for food, all kinds of waste phenomenon is distressing. If children have not been sweating and tired in the fields, it is difficult to understand the true meaning of "every grain is the hard work of farmers." Away from agricultural labor, urban and rural areas have lost a good link. Many urban children look down on rural areas and farmers, building an invisible separation wall between urban and rural areas. Away from agricultural labor, agriculture has lost its successors. A survey of 100 students from four townships in a county in Shaanxi Province showed that 96% of the students did not want to be farmers after graduation, so some people lamented that "if there is a big agricultural country, who will be a farmer in the future?" You also speak for migrant workers, he also speaks for migrant workers, as if they are the spokesmen of migrant workers, they are very noble. However, have they ever thought that workers have to work and farmers have to farm? otherwise, what will 1.3 billion people wear? With what? What to eat? Have come to the city to work, to build houses, now the city people.

Who cultivates the land? You can't always live by eating a house, can you? A few years ago, the average age of American farmers was 58, and young people went to town. The United States is highly mechanized farming, which is different from the decentralized farming in China. However, Americans themselves are very worried about this. They also carry out urbanization, and they listen to urbanization all day long. But what about the countryside? The land in rural areas of our country is owned by collectives and is allocated to farmers for planting within a time limit, rather than sold to farmers. If the land is divided into households, it is very difficult to achieve large-scale planting and management. People in the countryside who have the slightest ability to go out to make money have rushed to the cities. In the rural areas at present, how many new troops are willing to grow those mu of land in the countryside? In some places, there is no land to grow even if you want to farm. It is also built here, but the problem is that it is not just strong people who do not want to farm. There is nothing wrong with the construction there, and it is also inevitable for the economy to develop. It's just not right to encourage everyone to live in a big house. Our country is already a developing country, and there is a considerable gap between our country and the developed countries. Our per capita income is $3000, compared with $50000 in developed countries. How many square meters of housing space per capita in developed countries? Not everyone in developed countries lives in a house with their own property rights, right? For the sake of economic development, to sell land at high prices, and to build houses for the sake of their own political achievements, our local governments are desperately selling land and building houses, while developers are desperately driving up house prices, and they do not know what means others are using. Anyway, where they are flocking to, the house prices are going up desperately! Don't you need people to build a house? Labor is valuable, too. If you work as a small worker on a construction site where a house is built, you can earn much more money than farming in the countryside. 1.3 billion people have to eat, right? Not to mention labor struggle to build a house, but. Building crazy, farmland also dare to build a house! Aren't some houses of small property rights agricultural land? When the farmers go to the city, their share of the land is still there, they can still get subsidies, their housing is still there, and some of them are idle there, and the waste of resources is very serious.

To let children get close to the fields and experience agriculture is not only to avoid the "lack of successors" of farmers, but also to exercise their physique and will, understand the hardships of farmers, know that grain is hard to come by, and deepen their feelings with "agriculture, rural areas and farmers." improve the quality of all aspects. Sichuan is the hometown of rice and fish and rice, but it is a pity that so much fertile land has been wasted. If it goes on like this, there is no way to guarantee the country's food security. However, if the problem of abandonment is not solved, it will be very difficult to continue. "Grain prices are too low and farmers have no income, so how can they feel at ease about farming? If we can arouse the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain and attract some migrant workers back, then the problem of abandonment can be solved. "

It is of great significance only to expand domestic consumer demand, speed up the improvement of the social security system covering urban and rural areas, promote the construction of a harmonious society and the long-term stability of the country.