Cultivate new farmers with characteristics and make real moves.

In June, it had a different meaning for 170 new-type professional farmers in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, who not only got the "new professional farmer certificate", but will since then be formally incorporated into the social insurance system and enjoy social security subsidies. Also in June, 20 professional farmers in Shaanxi Province received admission letters and will enroll in September for a three-year full-time higher vocational education. Since the Ministry of Agriculture launched the pilot project of cultivating new professional farmers in 2012, various localities have conducted research and exploration on whether professional farmers should be trained, how to train them, and what the way out is after training. An answer paper was given at the national experience exchange meeting on the cultivation of new professional farmers held in June this year.

Education and training, farming also requires further study.

Twenty farmers in Shaanxi Province have received university admission letters and will enroll in September for a three-year full-time higher vocational education. As soon as the news came out, it became a "thunder" in the farmers' circle of friends. Is it necessary for farmers to receive higher education? Before that, some people questioned whether the professional knowledge taught by experts could be understood and linked to actual farming, and whether the old farmers who had been farming the land for many years should continue to study and pursue further studies. Huang Biwen, a new professional farmer in Jiulu Village, Luobo Town, Nanning City, Guangxi, gave himself a resounding answer at the exchange meeting.

"when I am engaged in planting potatoes in winter, I am faced with new technical problems and lack of planting resources, so I am willing to be powerless. Now farming can no longer be done with a hoe and a bag of seeds, as our grandparents did in the past. we must have the spirit of innovation and responsibility, professional knowledge and skills, and a high level of market management ability. all these need to be learned from others. " Huang Biwen said.

Yuan Qi, who graduated from China University of political Science and Law in 2006, chose to go back to cultivate land in Jiawang District, Xuzhou City, but where did the technology come from and how to create the market? fortunately, with the help of the opportunity of cultivating new professional farmers in Jiangsu Province, he learned from Professor Huang Health Care of Nanjing Agricultural University to analyze the marketing strategy of agricultural products from the market change, the concept of competition and the central policy, to find the orientation of enterprises according to market demand, and to make use of science and technology. Mining demand blind spots. Not only did their families get rich, they also led 276 farmers to introduce, demonstrate, and popularize 13 new crop varieties and three agricultural technologies, and now the farmers around them all hope to follow Yuan Qigan.

In order to enable farmers to obtain advanced technical experience in planting varieties, it is necessary to have a technical elite team. Jiangsu has selected and recommended a number of experts, professors and local talents from agricultural departments at all levels, agricultural technology extension institutions, agricultural scientific research institutes, agricultural colleges and secondary schools, and agriculture-related social organizations, and set up a "10,000-person teacher pool" at the provincial, municipal, and county levels to meet the training needs of new professional farmers. At the same time, organize the principals of grass-roots agricultural schools and farmers' education and training managers to go to the United States, Australia, Canada, Taiwan and other places for training and study to broaden their horizons and enhance their abilities.

Mode exploration, there are new ways to use local materials.

Farmers receive higher education, because of novelty and high attention, but also a decent thing, the hearts of many farmers began to itch, that is not all new professional farmers have to pursue further studies, the answers vary from place to place.

The 20 peasant college students who are about to enroll in Shaanxi have both needs and abilities. Shaanxi requires that if they have a high school degree or above, they should also have the qualification of a professional farmer. The teaching training and curriculum are different from ordinary students, practical classes will increase, and even agricultural experts will go to the ground to teach how to prune.

Yang Xiaohong, deputy director of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Agriculture, said that Shaanxi has set up a "professional farmer shaping project", with a special expenditure of 50 million yuan, actively improving the basic conditions, perfecting the "four classrooms", and the "fixed classroom" based on the agricultural broadcasting school. the "air classroom" with network training as the main body, with training classrooms, instructors, training places and entrepreneurial resources "one-stop" standard "field classroom" And the "mobile classroom" brought by the agricultural science and technology through train.

Taicang City, Jiangsu Province has carried out the reform of agricultural higher vocational education and the training of modern professional farmers. Since 2013, Taicang Municipal Government has paid all the tuition fees and set up "Taicang classes" in Suzhou Agricultural Vocational and Technical College and Jiangsu Agricultural and Forestry Vocational and Technical College respectively. At present, nearly 200 students have been enrolled for two sessions each, to solve the three major difficulties restricting the recruitment of agricultural specialists in colleges and universities, employment and the shortage of rural talents at the grass-roots level. To cultivate a group of high-quality technical and skilled personnel who are rooted in local agriculture and rural areas, and creatively put forward the "southern Jiangsu model" for the training of modern professional farmers.

Changsha City, Hunan Province, is looking for a way out in the dialectical development, so that farmers have changed from "want me to learn" in the past to "I want to learn" now. We will combine unified classes with independent training, co-ordinated by cities and counties, co-organized by many departments, and undertaken by township agricultural schools and field schools to build a regular new type of professional farmer training mechanism. Combining course teaching with field training, paying attention to on-site visit and field teaching, the on-the-spot teaching model of "three classrooms" and "four bases" is established. The "three classrooms" are fixed classroom, mobile classroom and field classroom, and the "four bases" are agricultural enterprises, training bases, field schools and popular science education bases, which break the regional restrictions of field training and realize the training mode in different places. Combine short-term training with normal management, strengthen long-term tracking management of students, set up an information database for all students, innovate the "Wechat +" management model, "set up more than 70 new professional farmer training classes WeChat group and QQ group in the city, and invite teaching experts to set up columns in WeChat group. At present, more than 6000 students have participated." Deputy Mayor Chen Zhong introduced.

Identify and support farmers to become dignified occupations

Cai Yanqing and Yin Qin of Tianfu Ecological Park in Huaqiao, Kunshan, hold a "new professional farmer certificate" because with this certificate they have a new guarantee that they can not only be included in the social insurance system, but also enjoy social security subsidies.

To identify professional farmers is to hold up an "umbrella" for them and escort them. In March 2016, Kunshan City took the lead in formulating the measures for the Identification and Management of New Professional Farmers, which clearly stipulates that the new method of subsidy for professional farmers incorporated into the social security system is to work in the posts of professional farmers on the new cooperative farm, sign labor contracts for more than one year and pay social insurance premiums in accordance with the regulations, and Kunshan City finance will give units and individuals full social security subsidies for some types of insurance. The standard of quota subsidy insured by unit employment shall be determined by the amount of unit contribution calculated by the lowest social insurance contribution; the standard of quota subsidy insured by flexible employment shall be determined by 50% of the minimum payment amount of flexible employment.

According to the answer of the Policy and Law Section of Kunshan people's and Social Affairs Bureau, the fixed subsidy standard for participating in insurance by means of unit employment is calculated according to the minimum social security contribution, each person needs to pay 751.66 yuan in social insurance premium per month; if he participates in flexible employment, each person needs to pay a minimum social insurance premium of 503 yuan per month, and according to 50% determination, the insured can receive a subsidy of 251.5 yuan per month. Take Cai Yanqing of Tianfu Ecological Park in Huaqiao, Kunshan as an example, because he is insured in the way of unit employment, he will receive full social security subsidies, with a subsidy of 9019.5 yuan a year. In addition to social security subsidies, new professional farmers will also enjoy preferential treatment policies such as educational aid, entrepreneurial support and pacesetter incentives.

Then, in May 2016, the Suzhou Municipal Government issued a notice on speeding up the identification and management of new-type professional farmers, giving a higher gold content to the "new professional farmer certificate", in addition to upgrading farmers' technology. it also makes them feel that agriculture is a promising industry and farmers are a decent profession.

With the continuous deepening of the training of new-type professional farmers and the continuous improvement of security, a number of new-type professional farmers have gradually grown up. High-quality young farmers are becoming large farmers, family farmers and leaders of farmers' cooperatives. College students, migrant workers returning home, and veterans are constantly joining the ranks of new professional farmers, and new professional farmers with glasses are emerging to inject fresh blood into the development of modern agriculture. According to the statistics of 13000 young farmers declared nationwide in 2015, high school / technical secondary school education accounted for 58.9%.

The new type of professional farmers with culture, technology, good management and management can solve the practical problem of "who will farm the land", is the main force of modern agricultural construction, is the backbone of new rural construction, and can inject new vitality into the development of agricultural and rural economy. Special funds of 1.1 billion yuan were allocated in 2014 and 2015, 1 million new professional farmers were trained every year, and the central government investment increased to 1.39 billion yuan in 2016, so that more farmers of higher quality and quantity will join the army of modern agricultural construction.