How is the "zero fire point" realized?

The wheat waves rolled and the machine rumbled. Recently, the author learned in an interview in Jieshou City in northern Anhui that as of June 7, the summer harvest of 530000 mu of wheat in Jieshou City was basically completed, and national satellite monitoring and local actual monitoring had not found a single fire spot, marking the city's goal of banning straw burning "zero fire point" in the new year.

Three core measures have been promoted

"the realization of the goal of banning straw burning in Jieshou is mainly due to the adoption of three core measures: short stubble harvesting, crushing and returning to the field, and no-tillage direct seeding." He Fengyang, mayor of Jieshou City, said.

In order to cure the problem, Jieshou City went deep into the masses, extensively collected opinions and suggestions, and found a "good prescription" for the prohibition and comprehensive utilization of straw. In 2013, Jieshou City introduced a relatively mature work program such as straw burning ban and comprehensive utilization, agricultural machinery subsidies and so on.

In order to promote short stubble harvesting, Jieshou City strictly formulates the operation standard of returning straw mechanized to the field and the access system of harvesting machinery, requiring that all harvesting machinery must be equipped with straw crushing or baling equipment; and a village cadre or mass supervisor is designated to supervise each agricultural machine to ensure that the stubble height is not more than 10 centimeters. At the same time, nearly 2000 harvesters were organized to harvest wheat through various channels.

In order to achieve no-tillage direct broadcast, Jieshou City has widely promoted the use of a new type of machine broadcast. In addition, on the basis of subsidies for agricultural machinery at higher levels, another 3 million yuan was invested in 2013, and a re-subsidy of 50 to 1000 yuan was given to each of the 1330 new precision seeding machines to ensure timely sowing of summer crops.

However, in the process of the actual implementation of the program, some people questioned the return of straw to the field. Some people think that returning straw to the field will cause fluffy soil and do not preserve soil moisture, while others believe that if it is not burned, it will lead to an increase in underground pests and other problems.

Qigang, a large grower in Jieshou City, transferred more than 2000 mu of land and was the first person to "eat crabs" when straw was returned to the field. In response to the government's call, as early as 2012, he tried to retrofit his large harvester and successfully achieved a low-stubble harvest of less than 10 centimeters, while adding a grinder to return all wheat straw to the field.

Facts have proved that from 2013 to 2016, nearly 2000 mu of wheat and corn planted on a large scale in Qigang have had a bumper harvest, with a yield of more than 1000 jin per mu. Qi Gang said that the effect of straw returning to the field was not very obvious in that year, but two years later, the straw became organic matter, and the structure and fertility of the soil would be significantly improved and enhanced.

Returning straw to the field has become a "treasure". It is understood that returning straw to the field can improve the drought resistance and drought tolerance of crops, preserve fertilizer and soil moisture, and reduce the use of artificial fertilizer. The fertility of 100 jin of straw returned to the field is equivalent to 9.6 jin of compound fertilizer.

"in 2013, Jieshou City achieved the goal of not having a single fire in the city, but new problems also emerged." Tian Yiping, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Bureau of Jieshou City, said that wheat straw in large fields was harvested with short stubble and crushed and returned to the field, but the small plots that could not be accessed by large harvesters had nowhere to pile up, and some had to be piled by roadsides and ditches, which could easily cause traffic accidents or water environment pollution.

It is understood that Jieshou grows more than 500,000 mu of wheat every year, and the total amount of wheat straw in the city is about 290000 tons, with a comprehensive utilization rate of 99 percent, of which about 261000 tons are directly crushed and returned to the field, accounting for 90 percent, while the other 10 percent of about 29000 tons of waste straw still has no way out.

For this reason, Jieshou City also tried to compost the straw at high temperature, return it to the field through belly, transport and utilization, and turn the straw into feed, fertilizer and base material.

"in 2014, Jieshou City invested 1.08 million yuan to buy four fertilizer machines, which were given to large growers for trial free of charge." Liu Min, deputy director of Jieshou Agricultural Integrated Service Station, said.

Grid Management consolidates the results of Burning ban

"in order to win the battle against straw burning in an all-round way, Jieshou City has achieved the four positions of organization, service, investment and supervision." According to Tian Yiping, in 2015, the total investment in the city reached 33 million yuan, mainly in accordance with the standards of 33 yuan per mu in summer and 23 yuan per mu in autumn, the funds for banning straw burning and comprehensive utilization were allocated to township streets in advance.

It is understood that since 2014, Jieshou City has implemented awards instead of subsidies in summer and autumn in accordance with the principle of "who does a good job in the comprehensive utilization of straw, who will get subsidies". In addition to the subsidy funds of 14 yuan per mu in Anhui Province and 2 yuan per mu in Fuyang City, the finance of Jieshou City will be matched according to 12 yuan per mu.

In order to implement the guarantee mechanism, Jieshou City has implemented several sets of city team leaders and the main responsible persons of various units directly under the city to guarantee to villages and towns, township cadres to villages and towns, and members of the "two committees" of villages and towns to farmers and fields; and the streets of villages and towns guarantee wheat in their jurisdiction areas with "four-level guarantee" and "four-level grid" guarantee. The land of the whole city is divided into 2007 grids, and 12600 grid responsible persons are identified. At the same time, 1421 command posts and 2209 fire prevention points were set up in the fields, which were guarded by township streets and village personnel stationed in the municipal units day and night to achieve full coverage of the ban on burning. At the same time, in order to implement accountability, the city has formed a six-level supervision and inspection system, using information technology to develop a network "today's goal" supervision and inspection system, bringing 1500 people into the system management, making it more convenient to grasp the location and duty of personnel.

At the same time, in order to mobilize the extensive participation of the masses of the whole city, the city mobilized teachers, doctors, parents of students, religious figures, disabled people, farmers, individual industrial and commercial households, and other groups to participate widely, and all the cleaning teams of 1380 people from all villages in the city were included in the ranks of firefighters, forming a volunteer team of 7851 people. On this basis, all townships and villages in the city have set up militia, summer harvest support teams, emergency teams and other service organizations to fully participate in the prohibition of straw burning to ensure the smooth progress of the work.

Jump out of the ban on burning and grasp the ban on burning.

"at present, we have jumped out of the traditional thinking of grasping straw and banning burning." He Fengyang said that since 2015, the first change in the world has been the practice of banning burning in the past, and the work of banning straw burning and comprehensive utilization has been promoted as a whole in the general pattern of agricultural and rural work, and the work of banning straw burning has achieved "four combinations" and "four major changes."

According to reports, the "four combinations" are combined with the implementation of the requirements of "three stricts, three practices", "two learning and one doing", with strengthening the construction of rural grass-roots organizations, with promoting the comprehensive management of the rural environment and building a beautiful countryside, and with the development of modern agriculture to promote farmers out of poverty. It has realized the great change in the working methods of cadres from banning burning to serving, realizing the great change in the ideological understanding of the masses from daring to unwilling to burning, realizing the great transformation of cadres' working methods from banning burning to serving, and realizing the "four major changes" of the social atmosphere from questioning to full support.

It is understood that in the work of building a clean and hygienic livable environment and a beautiful countryside where farmers live and work in peace and contentment, Jieshou City regards the prohibition of straw burning as an important part of the comprehensive renovation of the urban and rural environment, in order to ensure the cleanliness and permanence of the sanitary environment. Make use of the opportunity of summer harvest and summer planting, vigorously promote land circulation and agricultural structure adjustment, and promote modern agricultural planting, so as to reduce the pressure of straw burning. At the same time, the results of straw burning ban as a content to test the work ability of cadres, combined with strengthening the construction of rural grass-roots organizations to mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres.

Recently, the author saw in the duty room of Dahuang Town, Jieshou City, Zhang Jiannan, deputy secretary of the town party committee and deputy mayor of the town, sitting in front of the computer through the newly installed high-definition "Blue Sky Guardian" to view the summer harvest of the villages in the town, while directing the work through the walkie-talkie in hand.

Zhang Jiannan said: at present, the scene of more than 30,000 mu of wheat "three summer" operations in Dahuang Town is all covered by five high-definition video surveillance. Not only can each high-definition video surveillance angle be rotated 360 degrees at will, but also the scenery in the picture can be clearly magnified at will, realizing all-weather and full-angle observation. The straw burning, summer and autumn harvest, the arrival of inspectors and the actual scene of wheat harvest within 2-3 kilometers around the installation site can be seen at a glance.

Zhang Yang, secretary of the party committee of Dahuang Town, said: "the 'Blue Sky Guardian' high-definition monitoring has greatly facilitated the timely control and mechanical dispatching of the overall work of 'Sanxia', and improved the work efficiency. At the same time, it has greatly reduced the intensity of manual inspection work, and located the scene of the incident more accurately at the first time through information means, thus greatly saving manpower and material resources. at the same time, it has also played a positive role in public security and prevention in key areas. "

"now, the environment here during the summer harvest has really become very good. In the past, we didn't even dare to cool and dry our clothes, which would be covered with straw ash." Li Yicheng, a crowd in Li Binzhuang, said that even his wife Yin Xiurong's chronic bronchitis is much better. Now even if he is asked to burn the straw, he will not do it.