How is "high quality wheat" made

With different quality and different uses, there is a great demand for high quality wheat in the market.

As a staple food, people's daily life is inseparable from bread, noodles, cakes, steamed bread, biscuits and other various, dazzling variety of wheat products. However, different wheat products have different requirements for wheat quality.

According to the indexes of grain, protein content, wet gluten content and dough stability time, wheat can be divided into three types: strong gluten, medium gluten and weak gluten. According to Wei Yimin, strong gluten wheat has high gluten strength and long dough stability, so it is suitable for making bread and noodles; medium gluten wheat has moderate gluten strength and good ductility, so it is suitable for making noodles and steamed bread; weak gluten wheat has low protein content and short dough stabilization time, so it is suitable for making crisp foods such as biscuits and pastries.

Liu Jianjun, a researcher at the crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has been studying high-quality wheat varieties in China. He said: "at present, ordinary wheat grown in China is mostly used to make noodles, which is basically no problem in quality, but there is still a lack of high-quality wheat. At the same time, due to historical reasons, the development of strong gluten wheat and weak gluten wheat is relatively slow. At present, this part of the high-quality wheat market gap is large, and even needs to be imported. "

Data show that China's wheat production has increased by more than 2.5 million tons a year in the past five years, and exceeded 130 million tons in 2015, making China a veritable major wheat producer in the world. At the same time, due to international trade, price differences, as well as the shortage of domestic high-quality special wheat and other factors, a certain amount of high-quality special wheat has been imported every year in the past five years. Just take Wudeli flour Group Co., Ltd., the largest in China, as an example, the enterprise has the largest single production line in China, with a daily wheat consumption of about 40,000 tons, and high-quality wheat for processing often needs to be imported.

"under the background of 12 years of continuous bumper harvest, there are still serious problems of 'variety, quality and brand' that can not meet the needs of the processing industry and consumers, and these are the main problems affecting the competitiveness of domestic wheat market." Wei Yimin said frankly that adjusting and guiding farmers to plant high-quality wheat is the only way for the supply-side structural reform of the wheat industry, and the development potential of high-quality wheat is very great.

Planting areas should be arranged scientifically, and large-scale production depends on integrated technology.

Compared with general wheat varieties, high-quality special-purpose wheat has high yield, good quality and special processing use. therefore, it has higher natural requirements in terms of planting technology.

Zhang Xiaowen, a farmer in Xiaoying Village, Guanyi Town, Liangshan County, Shandong Province, is an old style of farming. Three years ago, he began to grow high-quality wheat, while joining the Liangshan County Wanzhong planting professional cooperative, the application of advanced green integrated technology, the unified control of diseases and insect pests. He told the reporter that he used to grow ordinary wheat with a yield of only about 400 kilograms per mu, and the benefits were mediocre, but now he has grown high-quality wheat and has integrated technology to "protect it." high-quality wheat is also at least 10 cents higher than ordinary wheat per jin. "if the variety is good, the technology is advanced, and the purchase price is high, the benefit of our farmers is naturally good." Zhang Xiaowen sighed.

"planting high-quality wheat requires land plots. If the soil fertility is not good, it will affect the yield and quality of high-quality wheat." As the chairman of Wanzhong planting professional cooperative, Lu Jianhua has transferred land to plant and purchase high-quality wheat since 2010, providing high-quality wheat flour to a number of processing enterprises across the country. Today, the area of high-quality wheat planted by the cooperative has reached more than 80,000 mu, and the yield per mu has stabilized at about 500 kg. "the quality of growing wheat in sandy land is not good, and it can be at least 200 jin less per mu than silt land. Therefore, we still need to make a scientific layout in planting. " Lu Jianhua told reporters that this year, he plans to transfer some land that is more suitable for growing high-quality wheat and further expand the local planting area of high-quality wheat in Liangshan.

Coincidentally, Xinxiang, Henan, as the main wheat producing area in China, has also planted large tracts of high-quality wheat in recent years. Wufeng Grain Cooperative, Jitun Town, Huixian County, Xinxiang City, signed a contract to purchase 30000 mu of high-quality wheat with surrounding farmers. According to Sun Shaochen, chairman of the board, according to the nutritional needs of strong gluten wheat, local agricultural experts provide cooperatives with integrated technologies for high-quality wheat production, such as fine soil preparation, standardized sowing, water-saving (measuring soil moisture and regulating deficit) irrigation, soil testing and formula fertilization, and backward movement of nitrogen fertilizer. This year, it is expected that the recovery price of wheat will be 0.4 yuan / kg higher than the market price, which alone will increase the income of farmers by 1.28 million yuan.

"at present, the cost of wheat production is constantly rising, and in order to enhance the competitiveness of wheat, the technology must be green integration and the matching of improved varieties and methods; the output must be improved, and the quality must be guaranteed. Only in this way can the planting efficiency of wheat be improved. " Liu Jianjun said with emotion.

Science and technology support the development of the whole industry chain, and the integration of the second and third industries can maximize the value.

The benefit of wheat planted in a large area is high, and it needs to rely on the processing industry to improve its added value. Lu Jianhua's cooperative started order production as early as 2010, and the 40,000 tons of high-quality wheat produced each year can be sold out almost as soon as it is collected. Starting from this year, Lu Jianhua plans to try the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, integrate resources, and build a small special flour processing plant of his own. "in this way, from planting to warehousing, and then to sales and processing, I can achieve the development of the whole industrial chain, maximize the value of wheat and achieve a win-win situation for growers and cooperatives." Lu Jianhua is full of confidence in the future.

"We also hope to participate in the planting of wheat to ensure the quality of wheat from the source." Hebei Jinshahe Noodle Co., Ltd. is a well-known noodle processing enterprise in China. In recent years, through cooperation with the processing Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, more than 20 noodle production lines have been built at a time, all of which have realized automatic production. Wei Haijing, deputy general manager, told reporters that as flour processing enterprises, they need to buy high-quality wheat, but because there is not much high-quality wheat planted on a large scale, they can only search everywhere, and if they can participate in the planting process and appropriately extend the industrial chain, it will be able to meet the needs of processing.

"at present, there are many varieties of high-quality wheat in China, but there are relatively few large-scale planting and few special flour suitable for processing. There is the problem of "strong muscle is not strong, weak muscle is not weak". Therefore, there is still a lot of room for improvement in quality. " Liu Jianjun believes that although technically speaking, it is no longer a problem to use Chinese wheat to make the world's most delicious bread, the direction of Chinese flour processing should be partial specialization, and large-scale planting must be formed according to the consumption habits and needs of the Chinese people. stabilize medium gluten wheat and strengthen strong and weak gluten wheat. In addition to ensuring that the supply of wheat products is not only adequate, but also requires variety, quality, safety, nutrition and convenience to meet the needs of consumers.

In fact, from whole wheat flour and wheat germ products to feed and industrial products, in addition to food, wheat can be processed in a variety of categories. As for the future industrial development, Wei Yimin suggested that scientific and technological support should be implemented from the whole industrial chain. He explained: "in production, we should use the matching technology of improved varieties and methods; in the link of storage and transportation, we should use raw grain classification and storage and transportation technology; in processing, we should produce high value-added products that meet market demand." In addition, it is necessary to promote comprehensive utilization technology, develop and utilize wheat resources as much as possible, tap the full value of wheat, and also enable people to eat better quality wheat products. "