Investigation and consideration on improving the Collection and Storage of Rice

Governments at all levels have always attached great importance to the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". Since 2013, when the state began to carry out the purchase of rice in Jiangsu and other provinces, the National Development and Reform Commission and other six departments have jointly issued the notice on the implementation of the minimum purchase Price of Middle and late Rice, the National Grain, medium Grain Storage and Agricultural Development Bank system, and the leaders of various provinces, cities and counties (regions). In accordance with the principle of "conducive to protecting farmers' interests, conducive to food security storage, conducive to supervision, and conducive to sales", they have reasonably determined and improved the relevant matters related to the implementation of the minimum purchase price for middle and late rice, entrusted storage sites and other state-owned grain enterprises, but also in accordance with relevant policies, documents and requirements, comprehensively do a good job in all preparations for the collection and storage of self-operated rice. It is the "popular Project" grain farmers are smiling.

I. the current investigation and current situation of rice harvest and storage

(1) current situation:

First, starting the purchase of middle and late rice at market prices is the party's policy of benefiting farmers. Governments at all levels and grain-related departments attach great importance to the acquisition of entrusted storage points in accordance with the state's policy of supporting the market at that time. State-owned grain enterprises generally pay about 1.30 yuan per jin for middle and late indica rice and 1.40 yuan per jin for japonica rice that do not meet the market support standards. Second, due to the influence of the entrusted market price and the self-supporting price of state-owned grain enterprises, when grain brokers buy rice, the price of middle and late indica rice is about 1.20 yuan / jin and japonica rice is 1.30 yuan / jin. Third, due to price differences and other factors, most grain farmers are willing to sell rice to state-owned grain enterprises. State-owned grain enterprises can conscientiously implement the national grain and oil purchase policy, and strictly adhere to the purchase discipline of going to work early and leaving work late every day, and do not let grain farmers sell overnight grain and timely pay for grain sales.

And so on, most of the state-owned grain enterprises are full. Fourth, there are still a small number of rice whose quality is not up to standard: most of the moisture is within the standard, and a small part of the moisture can also reach the standard after being sunburned; generally, the roughness rate of the general warehouse test is about 80%, but according to the national standard for third-class middle and late rice, impurities and rough grain generally exceed the standard, so that a small number of grain farmers can not buy rice according to the market price, can not sell a good price, and the purchase price of rice in the market is out of reach.

(2) reasons:

The main results are as follows: 1. When the harvester of agricultural machinery is harvesting rice, the rice grain and straw should be completely removed, but in the actual operation, there are still very few broken straw and rice grain tail stem remaining, forming organic impurities, which is troublesome and difficult to deal with, and it is very difficult to clean up all of them. this kind of phenomenon will occur as long as the mechanical operation. At present, most of the young and strong workers in rural areas go out to work, do business, set up factories or work in some entities, and they simply do not have the time or energy to travel or take into account the quality of crops at home, and the remaining labor is inadequate, resulting in impurities generally exceeding 0.5%.

2. The growing period of rice is shortened. In the past, rice in northern Jiangsu generally began to fall before and after the Qingming Festival, and the temperature drop was large, so the seedlings were covered with plastic film from about the end of April. Artificial or mechanical transplanting begins in about three stages: (1) spring stubble: in spring, water is put into the unplanted fields and then planted. (2) rapeseed stubble: early wheat stubble for about 10-15 days, that is, rapeseed is immediately planted in the whole field with water after harvest. (3) Wheat stubble: generally, wheat is harvested at the beginning of June and transplanting at the same time, which ends on the 10th or so. Mature harvest around the middle and late September, the growing period of nearly 6 months, so that the finished rice cooking taste particularly fragrant. Now rice generally begins to be sowed after wheat harvest in mid-early June, and there is very little manual or mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings. If the man-hour cost of manual or mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings is 180 yuan / mu or more, plus the amount of expenditure for Chinese food varies, farmers generally do not choose with high costs. Water shortage areas are sometimes extended to around early July.

Mature harvest around the end of October, the growing period is less than 5 months, so that a small part of the finished rice quality decline; there are some rice although the taste is good, but the yield is low, it is gradually eliminated, such as: 86080 varieties, Huaian Lingqiao rice brand got its name from this variety. Some farmers report that with the natural rise in prices, the costs of grain seed, fertilization, weeding, pest control (disease) and machine farming are all high.

3. When different varieties of rice are harvested, very few rice grains are shelled, resulting in brown rice exceeding the standard by less than 2% because the rice grains are extruded and beaten by the cutting edge of the harvester, turned in the sun and mechanically removed impurities, etc.

4. Most of the acquisition funds of state-owned grain enterprises such as entrusted storage sites are loans from the Agricultural Development Bank. If the purchased rice in the market fails to pass the inspection, such as grain storage, it will be self-supporting rice, market uncertainties, and enterprises are easy to cause losses. In addition, enterprise staff and other labor costs and bank loan interest, etc. As a result, state-owned grain enterprises are not allowed to have any discount in implementing the state grain and oil policy, superior documents and the spirit of meetings, but state-owned grain enterprises do not dare to take risky actions because they are responsible for their own profits and losses. It is reported that a major grain-producing county (district) has so far purchased rice from the market.

5. State-owned grain enterprises are short of manpower when purchasing the best part of rice, except for door-to-door purchase of large grain growers, other farmers are unable to take care of it.

6. Generally speaking, grain sellers are far away from state-owned grain enterprises such as entrusted storage sites and have high handling costs, with the handling cost of about 1.5 tons of rice reaching about 50 cents and 70 yuan.

7. Some farmers no longer cultivate the fields intensively and carefully, no longer regard land as life, and look at everything for money and do not hear anything outside the window. Zhang, a farmer who lives in Group 9 of Sancha Village, Sanshu Town, Huaiyin District, said: there are six people in my family, each person is less than one and a half mu of farmland, grandchildren and grandchildren go to school in the city, son and daughter-in-law rent a house and open a restaurant, with an annual income of more than 100,000 yuan. Now we can't all rely on farming.

The family made a living and could not earn much money. The old couple of my family and I were just busy going home during the busy season. When we were done, we went to the city to help my son and daughter-in-law open a restaurant. It is understood that at present, farmers have five hopes for growing grain: first, they hope to have a good harvest this year; second, they hope that the weather will be favorable; third, they hope that the party's policy of benefiting farmers will not change; that the grain harvested will be sold at a good price; and that the cost of growing grain will be lower.

8. The implementation standards of state-owned grain enterprises are strict, and substandard rice has to be treated by drying and removing impurities, resulting in farmers who sell grain mistakenly and increase labor costs. They think that it is the same wherever they sell. Although grain brokers buy it at about 0.25 yuan per jin lower than the market price and at the self-owned price of state-owned enterprises, they drive from village to house and negotiate a good price, which saves grain farmers labor, effort, time, convenience and simplicity. Some grain brokers also build simple warehouses in front and back of their houses or buy them openly on the open-air cement floor. A small number of grain brokers buy rice only covered with rain sheets or plastic sheets and then hoarded or resold. 1Mul can be purchased by 2 people, part of the rice purchased in cash, and some agreed time to pay again. The purchase of rice by grain brokers makes it difficult for grain farmers to sell grain, but some of the purchased rice are excessive and mixed, which affect the quality of rice, poor storage conditions, and even mildew for long-term storage, and are not safe to eat. it has caused certain hidden dangers to the grain safety project.

9. Most of the state-owned grain enterprises' warehouses are outdated and lack of storage capacity. as far as Huaiyin District is concerned, the region now has an area of 900000 mu of arable land, with an annual output of about 280000 tons of wheat, 290000 tons of rice, 8000 tons of other miscellaneous grains and 6000 tons of oil. In 2015, the planting area of grain was 1.4069 million mu, and the multiple cropping index reached 1.56. the existing warehouse capacity was about 104500 tons. By the end of April 2016, the grain in stock was 92600 tons. All the warehouses were built in the sixties, seventies and eighties of the 20th century, the facilities are outdated and backward, and the warehouse capacity does not match the regional grain production, which also restricts the country.

Grain enterprises are developing rapidly. To this end, the region has tried every possible means to raise funds to speed up the construction of the granary and strive to expand the warehouse by 30,000 tons before the purchase of summer grain in 2016 to meet the demand of the purchase and sale market.

II. Thinking and improvement of Rice harvesting and Storage in the Future

General Secretary Xi Jinping said: "ensuring food security is an eternal issue, and we must not relax at any time." The author believes that grain safety is the source of life and the basis of development, and it is imperative to ensure the safety of granaries all over the world. Only with sufficient grain sources, excellent quality, high output and safe storage can we effectively guarantee and implement "wide accumulation of grain, good accumulation of grain and good accumulation of grain". To ensure the safety of granaries all over the world.

First, governments at all levels should further strictly perform their duties and attach great importance to grain production and quality, and shift their focus downward. For example, in 2015, some wheat in Jiangsu Province was affected by the disaster and reduced production was not equal (including a small number of gluttonous and lazy people and a small number of poor and low-income households, etc.), poor field management, and some received only 200m2 300 jin / mu), and the quality was not good enough, so that a small portion of wheat sold for only 0.9 yuan / jin. Some farmers said: this is not even enough to grow grain, and the normal annual income should be about 1200 jin / mu. When it comes to rice planting and sowing, can the state introduce the "measures to guarantee the sale of grain by farmers in the year of natural disasters"?

Second, in implementing the state's grain and oil purchase and marketing policy, grain-related departments should continue to play a good role in departmental management and manage the "granary under the world", and think of ways to coordinate and communicate more, so as to ensure the survival of enterprises and the welfare of workers.

Third, state-owned grain enterprises should give full play to and perform the role and responsibility of the main channel to ensure the safety of granaries all over the world.

Fourth, the regulatory departments should conscientiously implement the policy, further strengthen the monitoring and supervision of the grain circulation market, and resolutely ban the business qualifications of grain operators who do not meet the conditions for grain purchase, storage, and operation.

Fifth, the purchase price supported by the state should appropriately reduce the organic impurities of broken straw and rice tail stem formed by mechanical harvesting in rice purchase by less than 0.5%, and appropriately relax the proportion of brown rice formed by mechanical harvesting and storage finishing within 2%.

Sixth, the agricultural sector should further speed up the cultivation of improved varieties with high yield, high quality, and good taste (excluding transgenic genes), and vigorously guide farmers to plant scientifically and give priority to grain quality.

Seventh, agricultural machinery departments should develop and produce more cutting-edge, advanced and applicable agricultural machinery that can avoid "throwing, wool, dripping, leakage," and other phenomena.

Eighth, state-owned grain enterprises should set up more points to solve the problem that it is difficult for farmers to sell grain, so that grain-selling farmers can really feel the superiority of the party's policy of benefiting farmers; governments at all levels should appropriately subsidize the purchase of state-owned grain enterprises.

Ninth, pay more attention to investigation and research, and further formulate and improve the mechanism and system building work for grain work, so as to ensure the safety of granaries all over the world.

To sum up, the purpose of thinking and in-depth front-line research is to let everyone understand the grain, grasp the situation, facilitate the work, and make the grain work better and better. As a grain man, he should be duty-bound first to work for the benefit of the tiller and the eater. Dare to take responsibility, starting with me, starting with me, so that everyone can better serve the food work, and everyone can consciously ensure and serve food security in action. Do more practical things and really do good things well.