Reducing production cost and ensuring quality and Safety-- two bottlenecks in vegetable Industry need to be broken through

Editor's note

With the rising temperature and the peak season of vegetable production, the new requirements of planting structure adjustment have also made more farmers shift their attention from growing grain to growing vegetables. Vegetable production is not only related to farmers'"money bags", but also related to the citizens'"vegetable baskets". How to improve quality and efficiency, make up for deficiencies, and balance supply? Scientific research institutes are "sophisticated", and "local experts" also have good ideas. This issue will introduce you one by one.

A few days ago, more than 700 vegetable industry practitioners from all over the country gathered at Shungeng International Convention and Exhibition Center in Jinan City, Shandong Province to discuss how to break the bottleneck of industrial development and explore the future development direction of vegetable industry. Inside and outside the venue, new equipment, new technologies and new models related to vegetable production have become the focus of attention of all parties.

This is the venue of the 4th China vegetable Industry Conference. The 2016 China vegetable Industry Conference, jointly sponsored by the China vegetable Association and the Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture, was held here from May 19 to 20. At the meeting, Zhang Zhongqiu, national chief veterinary officer of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that in recent years, China's vegetable production has developed continuously, with a stable planting area of more than 300 million mu and an annual output of more than 700 million tons. Vegetable production accounted for about 10% of farmers' income in 2015. However, with the rapid development of vegetable industry, there are also some problems that affect the healthy development of vegetable industry.

It is an urgent task for the industry to reduce costs and ensure safety.

Zhao Jibin, director of the Anshang Lake melon and vegetable planting professional cooperative from Changle County, Shandong Province, said: "growing vegetables is a meticulous job, and you can't wait on it without painstaking efforts. In addition, pesticides, chemical fertilizers and other inputs are used more, so the production cost is higher. In the vegetable production cost, labor cost and input cost account for a large part. I came to this meeting to find a way to reduce costs. "

"moreover, pesticides and chemical fertilizers are prone to excessive or non-standard use, resulting in the frequent occurrence of vegetable quality and safety problems in recent years, which has become the focus of attention from all walks of life." Xue Liang, president of the China vegetable Association, said, "the high production cost and the difficulty of quality and safety have become two major bottlenecks affecting the development of the vegetable industry. How to 'reduce costs and ensure safety' has become an urgent task for the development of the vegetable industry."

Zhang Zhongqiu said frankly that in recent years, vegetable prices fluctuated from season to season and from season to season, and "cheap vegetables hurt farmers" many times. This requires efforts to reduce the cost of vegetable production while promoting a balanced supply of vegetable products. During the 13th five-year Plan period, vegetable production should mainly reduce costs and make up for deficiencies. Especially in the current situation of downward prices of agricultural products, efforts should be made to adjust and optimize the structure, speed up the structural reform on the supply side of agriculture, and make efforts to reduce costs and increase efficiency, and extend the value chain of agricultural products. At the same time, the quality and safety of vegetables has become the focus of attention of the whole society. Although the qualified rate of annual routine inspection of vegetable agricultural residues has been more than 96% for eight consecutive years, because vegetable production is dominated by scattered farmers, and there are many varieties, and planting and cultivation methods are changeable, the quality and safety problems of some varieties of vegetables in some areas still occur from time to time. How to ensure the quality and safety of vegetables is the "lifeline" related to the healthy development of vegetable industry.

Reduce the cost and renew the old shed, save more than 1pm 3

Not long ago, the reporter learned during an interview in Shouguang City, "the hometown of protected vegetables in China," that farmers here have promoted the project of "changing old greenhouses into new ones." the newly built fifth-generation greenhouse is generally 150m long, 17018m wide and 7.5m high. the area of the shed is more than 2500 square meters, which can reach twice that of the old greenhouse. Because of the expansion of the shed, water and fertilizer integration, automatic ventilation, spray, small mechanical land preparation, ridging, transportation and other equipment and technology are widely used in the shed. Thanks to the improvement of facilities and the application of machinery, the labor of vegetable production has been saved by more than 1x3, the input of chemical fertilizer has been reduced by more than 60%, and the input of pesticide has been reduced by about 90%.

"it is also a kind of vegetable, with lower cost and better products, which reflects Shouguang's industrial competitiveness." Xue Liang told reporters.

In front of the booth of Jiangsu Lugang Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., many vegetable industry employees came to inspect the integrated management equipment of water and fertilizer. "this technology saves labor, water and fertilizer, and is one of the main technologies to reduce the cost of vegetable production at the present stage." Yuan Guojie, the company's technical manager, said.

It is understood that this vegetable industry conference held a special forum around improving the level of mechanization and facilities of vegetable production and reducing vegetable production costs. Yang Qichang, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and others made a special report on vegetable facilities and equipment at home and abroad, and the participants also visited the site of mechanized ridging and transplanting of vegetables.

Zhang Zhongqiu said: facilities should be combined with the automation and intelligence of vegetables such as the integration of water and fertilizer and the Internet of things, so as to achieve accurate management of greenhouse irrigation, fertilizer and drug use, so as to achieve cost-saving, efficient, and safe vegetable production. In addition, at present, the level of mechanization of vegetable production in China is still relatively low, which is estimated to be only about 20%. Relevant scientific research institutions, production enterprises and vegetable producers should strengthen cooperation to speed up the introduction, research and development and application of vegetable machinery, so as to greatly improve the level of vegetable production mechanization as soon as possible.

Security "tailor-made" prevention and control plan

At the meeting, Nanjing Yilong Hi-Tech Co., Ltd. and Shandong Sunshine Runnout Technology Co., Ltd. showed the ozone physical control system of fruit and vegetable diseases. The difference is that Yilong Hi-Tech adopts the "airflow organization method", which carries out the rapid diffusion of high concentration ozone in the greenhouse, and the sunlight embroidery provides the integrated technology of ozone water application.

The leek planting base in Chaijia Town of Zhangqiu City has applied green comprehensive prevention and control technologies such as spraying ozone water solution and anti-insect net. The test results show that the effective killing rate of the technology is more than 90%, and there is no drug residue, and the yield is increased by 60%.

Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has brought the biological control technology with insect pheromone as the core, and the integrated application of insect virus, natural enemy insects, bumblebee pollination, anti-insect net, armyworm board and other technology. for a variety of vegetables "tailor-made" prevention and control programs, to maximize the comprehensive effect of biological control combined with physical control.

The obstacle of soil continuous cropping is also one of the difficult problems perplexing vegetable production at the present stage. Therefore, encouraging the use of biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer, popularizing substrate cultivation techniques such as coconut bran, and the application of flame insecticidal and soil ecological reducing agents have also become one of the important contents of this Congress.

To ensure the quality and safety of vegetables, in addition to the construction of input supervision and testing system in terms of "management", it is more important in "production", and the comprehensive promotion of green prevention and control technology is the main focus at the present stage.