On the positive signal of Agricultural structure Adjustment from the Perspective of Sanxia

Another harvest season! According to the Ministry of Agriculture, at present, the national winter wheat harvest is basically over, and there is another bumper harvest of summer grain this year.

This is the thirteenth bumper harvest year of summer grain, and this year's bumper harvest has more special significance and connotation than before. This is not only a bumper harvest in the context of the impact of super El Ni ñ o and the heavy occurrence of major diseases and insect pests such as wheat scab, but also under the requirements of promoting the structural reform on the supply side of agriculture. The bumper harvest has been achieved in the continuous deepening of the development of grain "structure adjustment and transformation mode".

From relatively attaching importance to output, to pursuing the all-round development of "output, quality, and ecology"; from single technological renewal to collaborative innovation such as seed, water, fertilizer, medicine, machine, etc.; from burying oneself to farming, to "seeing and listening in all directions", production follows the needs of the market. The new characteristics, new trends, and new achievements reflected in this year's "three summers" have not only opened up the situation and explored the path for the adjustment of China's agricultural structure during the 13th five-year Plan period, but also boosted our confidence in "improving quality and increasing efficiency." the confidence of stabilizing grain income and increasing income has laid a solid foundation for taking the road of stable grain income with Chinese characteristics in the new period.

Signal 1: structural adjustment aimed at the deficiency of the market

At present, the most prominent problem in China's agricultural supply side is that production has not yet well adapted to the changes in market demand, and "difficult to buy" and "difficult to sell" coexist. To promote agricultural supply-side structural reform is to adjust and optimize agricultural production structure and product structure under the guidance of market demand. Reflected in this year's summer grain production, the key is to do a good job in wheat variety adjustment and quality improvement, in order to meet the diversified needs of the market.

In our traditional food culture, wheat is mainly used to make steamed bread, noodles and other staple foods. At present, with the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for bread, biscuits, cakes and other cakes increases significantly. Also pasta, medium gluten wheat is needed to make steamed bread, strong gluten wheat is needed to make bread, and weak gluten wheat is needed to make biscuit cake. The wheat produced in China is mainly medium gluten wheat, and some high quality strong gluten and weak gluten wheat need to be imported.

The National planting structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020), published in April this year, pointed out that wheat structural adjustment should "grasp both ends and take the middle". "grasp both ends" and vigorously develop high-quality strong gluten wheat for processing bread and high-quality weak gluten wheat for processing biscuits and cakes, which are scarce in the market. "take the middle" to improve the quality of medium-gluten or medium-strong gluten wheat used for processing steamed bread and noodles.

In this year's summer grain production, the momentum of wheat structural adjustment has improved and the results have been shown. According to a person in charge of the planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, the area proportion of strong gluten wheat with relatively large market demand this year has reached 23.5% of the total wheat planting area, and a number of high-quality and high-yield wheat varieties have been widely promoted.

The adjustment in production is only the beginning, which brings about the extension of the wheat processing industry chain, the technological innovation of agricultural products processing and food manufacturing industry, the innovation of marketing mode, the innovation of management mode, the innovation of the mode of combination of industry, university and research, and so on. it has further promoted the transformation and upgrading of the whole industry chain. In Yanjin County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, the high-quality strong gluten wheat industry has become a brand industry in the county. The planting area of high-quality strong gluten wheat in the county has reached 500000 mu, accounting for half of the wheat planting area. 19 leading agricultural enterprises have developed around the wheat industry chain. The high-quality wheat industrialization model created by Wanzhong planting Cooperative in Liangshan County, Shandong Province has solved the problem of quality stability of high-quality wheat trade (tertiary production). It not only provides high-quality raw materials for secondary production (food industry), but also provides means of production, technical guidance and product market for farmers (primary production) engaged in wheat production. The signal of the reform of the wheat market is strongly released from the summer grain production, which has a more profound impact on the development of the whole industry.

Signal 2: green technology model supports high yield and high efficiency

Green is the connotation of agricultural supply-side structural reform. This year's golden wheat waves are full of green.

Throughout the development of grain production over the past decade, the "twelve consecutive increases" has brought China's grain output to an unprecedented height, but it has also revealed some problems, such as extensive management, flood and fertilizer, and unreasonable application of pesticides, which not only wastes agricultural resources, pollutes the environment, raises production costs, but also affects the quality of agricultural products. It is urgent to change the mode of agricultural development.

Different from the high-input and high-consumption technical model of "only output" in the past, the analysis of the characteristics of summer grain production in various places this year shows that the consciousness of "cost" and the concept of sustainable development are more prominent. The "five-section" technology of water-saving, seed-saving, fertilizer-saving, medicine-saving and time-saving has been widely used. the planter that integrates multiple production processes such as ditching, fertilization, sowing and suppression, as well as the new harvester integrated harvesting and straw baling, makes the planting and harvesting machinery more and more labor-saving and efficient, and the promotion and use of drones in the field of plant protection has also greatly improved the efficiency of wheat pest prevention and control. These measures effectively reduce the production cost and improve the management efficiency, and it is these green technology models that support the realization of high yield and high efficiency of summer grain.

Green technology model can not only "reduce costs", but also "increase per unit yield" and "increase production capacity". On the one hand, grain is stored in technical "bill of lading" production. The average wheat yield per mu in the 800000 mu grain green high yield and high efficiency demonstration area in Qihe County, Shandong Province is 578.6 kg, with the highest per unit yield of 788.9 kg, creating a new record for per unit yield of wheat in a large area of the country again. What supports Qihe's record is the technical model of "high yield and high efficiency, resource saving and environment friendly". On the one hand, hide grain on the ground to "increase production capacity". Yingshang County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province has promoted the construction of high-standard farmland in a large area, and the local agricultural departments in charge of agriculture have a profound understanding of the construction of high-standard farmland, and are gradually shifting from relying on the extensive management of resource consumption, agricultural input and ecological environment to intensive management that focuses on improving quality and efficiency as soon as possible. It is under the guidance of this concept that 600000 mu of "rice stubble wheat" in Yingshang County has got rid of the problem of waterlogging, improved the working efficiency of land leveling machinery, better controlled soil moisture, reduced the use of seed, fertilizer and water, and increased production per mu by more than 100kg.

Through the production of summer grain, we can see that there is great potential and potential for changing the mode of agricultural development. At present, we should seize the favorable opportunity of abundant supply of agricultural products, vigorously promote the structural reform on the supply side of agriculture, change the mode of agricultural production and utilization of resources, and implement the strategy of scientific and technological innovation. we will promote the transformation of agricultural development from relying on material inputs to relying on scientific and technological progress as soon as possible. This is not only the need to improve the agricultural ecological environment, but also the guarantee to promote agricultural cost-saving and increase efficiency and increase farmers' income.

Signal 3: the reform of the new type of management body plays a prominent role.

The key to promoting the supply-side structural reform of agriculture lies in people. In the process of adjusting the structure and changing the mode of agriculture, the new main body of agricultural management, characterized by moderate scale operation, has played a more obvious role as a new force in reform, which is a major trend in summer grain production this year.

Promoting agricultural supply-side reform will inevitably mean a series of changes to the traditional mode of production and business habits, which is undoubtedly a great challenge. Need to have a certain strength, a certain planting scale of the new business main body as the main burden. Advanced production technologies in summer grain production, such as water saving, medicine saving, fertilizer saving, "one spray, three prevention", and informationization, also need to be carried by new operators, and the cost-saving and efficiency benefits brought by these new modes of production, it is easier to show through the main body with a certain planting scale.

Taking Fan Haibao, a farmer of Sanxing Family Farm in Chenbao Village, Daguan Town, Fengquan District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province as an example, the 3300 mu of wheat he manages has achieved the effects of seed saving, water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving and cost saving through precision sowing, measuring soil moisture and supplementary irrigation, measuring soil and fertilizer, preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, and whole-process mechanization. A large amount of investment in new technology and new mode of production is difficult to achieve, and for ordinary farmers, the benefit of three to five mu of land due to the change of the mode of production increases, which is limited to them. for the new agricultural operators who operate hundreds of mu, a small reduction in unit cost will significantly reduce the total cost of production. This is also the reason why the new agricultural operators are more active in participating in the agricultural supply-side structural reform and play a more important role.

The reform of the productive forces will inevitably lead to the corresponding adjustment of the relations of production, which can counteract on the productive forces. In this year's summer grain production, the benign interaction between the agricultural supply-side structural reform and the new agricultural management main body has vividly proved this point of view of Marxist political economy. Of course, we can not ignore the great role of traditional agricultural operators in promoting agricultural supply-side structural reform. there is no contradiction between household management and the development of modern agriculture and the promotion of agricultural supply-side structural reform. In the future, it is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all kinds of business entities and speed up the construction of a modern agricultural management system based on household management, linked by cooperation and association, and supported by socialized services. at the same time, great efforts should be made to cultivate new business entities and new professional farmers and encourage them to become a new force in promoting the structural reform of the agricultural supply side.

Signal 4: the effect of reform on increasing farmers' income appears.

Last year, the temporary collection and storage price of corn was set at 1 yuan / jin, 0.11-0.13 yuan / jin lower than the year before, resulting in a decline in the income of many corn growers. This raises the question: will the supply-side structural reform of agriculture have a negative impact on the increase of farmers' income? This is a major issue of social concern and farmers' concern.

The practice of summer grain production this year has proved that as long as the structural reform on the supply side of agriculture is put in place, it can increase farmers' income.

Take wheat as an example. In this year's summer grain production, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, Liangshan County, Shandong Province, and other places have adjusted the wheat variety structure and popularized the cultivation of high-quality strong and weak gluten wheat. moreover, the price of summer grain is 0.1-0.2 yuan higher than that of ordinary wheat per jin, which effectively promotes the increase of farmers' income and fully proves the effect of supply-side structural reform on increasing farmers' income.

At present, the fundamental reason why "grain prices fall, sad vegetables and cheap apples" appear in some parts of our country, and farmers increase production but not increase income, is that China's agriculture is generally large but not strong, and there is a structural imbalance between supply and demand. Only by further promoting the supply-side structural reform and developing high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, ecological and safe agriculture can we form a more efficient, more efficient and more sustainable agricultural development pattern. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of these reform measures is to adjust the structure, change the mode, reduce costs, improve quality and promote integration. As long as the reform is in place, it will certainly promote the increase of farmers' income.

Of course, reform will inevitably involve interest adjustment and labor pains, but no matter how it is changed or adjusted, we must take the promotion of farmers' income as the major premise and core goal, and this bottom line cannot be broken through. Only when the enthusiasm of farmers is protected can agricultural supply-side reform be carried out more smoothly. Judging from the reform trend, the grain crop collection and storage policy is still being further improved, but this year's "three summers" wheat still continues the lowest purchase price last year, effectively protecting farmers' interests and increasing farmers' income.

At present, it should be noted that due to the influence of super El Nino, there were more Rain Water and scab in Jianghuai region in mid-late April, which had a certain negative impact on wheat quality. in addition, there are some problems such as difficult drying and high mildew rate of wheat harvested in some producing areas, and "difficult to sell grain" does exist in some areas, which has brought a certain negative impact on farmers' income.

Signal 5: consolidation and improvement of grain production capacity in adversity

"Hong Fan's eight policies, with food as the top priority", with grain in hand and no panic in his heart, is an irrefutable truth in any era. Grasping grain production is a top priority that cannot be overemphasized.

However, at present, China's grain production is facing a different background from the past: first, China's grain output continues to operate at a high level, and grain output achieved a historic "twelve consecutive increases" last year, but the constraints of various production factors are tightened; second, the inventory is high, supply and demand mismatch, structural contradictions are prominent, supply-side structural reform is imperative. Does this mean that we can relax grain production? do we want to reduce grain production capacity?

In the face of such doubts, a principle and a bottom line must be explained clearly. One principle is that on the basis of "12 consecutive increases", China will no longer pursue a continuous increase in grain production during the 13th five-year Plan period; one bottom line is that agricultural supply-side structural reform is by no means reducing grain production capacity, no matter how it is changed, grain production capacity can no longer be weakened.

That is to say, we do not pursue the continuous increase of total grain production year after year, nor can we relax the consolidation and improvement of grain production capacity. We should properly handle the dialectical relationship between the two, and regard the consolidation and improvement of grain production capacity as the primary task of grain production. For a period of time in the future, grain output may fluctuate with the effects of market laws and changes in climatic conditions, but it must be controlled within a reasonable range and must not decline by a large margin; at the same time, grain production capacity must be continuously consolidated and improved through the implementation of the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology, so as to ensure that it can be supplied in times of emergency.

Judging from the practice of summer grain production this year, China's grain production capacity has achieved basic stability and a bumper harvest in adversity in the face of unfavorable natural conditions and frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The planting area of summer grain in China this year is 414 million mu, of which the area of winter wheat is 339 million mu, basically the same as last year. However, during the autumn and winter planting period, due to weather reasons, the sowing of some wheat was postponed, and the strong cooling weather occurred for many times from January to March this year, resulting in a low rate of tillers and panicles. Rain Water was more in Jianghuai region in mid-late April, and the incidence of scab increased. In the face of unfavorable natural conditions, various localities have taken the initiative to implement disaster prevention and reduction, vigorously carry out unified prevention and control, and effectively ensure a bumper harvest of summer grain. This also proves that China's summer grain production capacity has withstood the test of adverse factors and has been consolidated and improved in the face of adversity.

A bumper harvest of summer grain returned to the warehouse, and the reform took a swift and steady step. This year's summer grain production has handed in another beautiful answer paper.