Baoshan City, Yunnan Province: how to use "one piece of land" to obtain "three incomes"

Baoshan is a low-latitude mountain subtropical humid monsoon climate with abundant rainfall, obvious three-dimensional climate, rich and unique biological species, and complex natural endowments constitute the diversity of resources. there are unique advantages for the development of modern agriculture with plateau characteristics. In 2014, Baoshan City was listed as one of the 24 major grain-producing cities in China. The scale of walnut, tea, coffee and other characteristic industrial bases reached more than 8 million mu, and there were 9029 new agricultural operators. However, there are also some problems, such as the small, scattered and weak agricultural industry, which does not form economies of scale and does not form a complete agricultural development chain.

To win the battle to get rid of poverty and build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the focus lies in rural areas, the key lies in farmers, and the difficulty lies in increasing income. How to proceed from reality, not only give full play to internal advantages, but also with the help of external forces to promote the large-scale development of the agricultural industry and make up for the shortcomings of a well-off society in an all-round way is a problem that we have been thinking about.

In March this year, the investigation of Longling base of Yunnan Hengguan Teda Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. gave us a lot of inspiration. The company entered Longling in October 2014 and plans to invest 600 million yuan to build 30,000 mu Chu Orange Base in Mengnuo Town, Longling County by the end of 2018. The development model of the base adopts "one rent, two guarantees and three dividends". "one rent", that is, to establish a mechanism for increasing land rent according to the number of years in circulation to realize land transfer. The 30-year land lease period is divided into three 10 years, and the rent is paid at 300 yuan, 400 yuan and 500 yuan per mu per year for each 10 years, and paid every five years, paid in the first month of the first year. The "second guarantee", that is, to establish a long-term mechanism of strict management, to contract the fruit trees of the base to farmers for management and protection, the company divides the base according to 2000 to 2500 trees (25 to 35 mu) as a unit, each unit is equipped with two industrial workers, gives priority to employing the labor force of land lessors, pays wages according to 15 to 16 yuan per plant for 3 years before hanging fruit, and takes a commission of 0.8 to 1 yuan per kilogram according to the market situation and output after hanging fruit. The "three dividends", that is, to establish a benefit-sharing mechanism, starting from the fruit-hanging period, land lessors will participate in the benefit share of the base according to 15% of the annual planting and management income of industrial workers (600 yuan to 750 yuan per mu in high-yield period). Town and village groups are divided into project coordination and village-level public affairs expenditure according to 1.5% (60 yuan to 75 yuan per mu per mu in high-yield period).

According to statistics, by the end of March 2016, the company had transferred 7864 mu of land, paid 11.769 million yuan in rent, completed an investment of 39 million yuan in fixed assets, planted 3600 mu of Yunguan orange, built an organic fertilizer plant with an annual output of 10, 000 tons, and built 30 kilometers of the main road of the base. build 42 kilometers of water pipe network and erect 50 kilometers of efficient water-saving pipe network.

At the same time of the development of the company, it also has a positive impact on the production and life of the surrounding villages. After the company built its base in Mengnuo Town, it persisted in ecological development, using only synthetic organic fertilizers such as cow dung, sheep dung, chicken manure, crop straw and organic matter under the forest, so as to purchase a large number of livestock manure and organic matter from farmers. the problem of littering of livestock manure and all kinds of crop straw which had no effect many times before has been significantly improved, and the environment around the village is clean and tidy.

The development practice of Hengguan Teda and Zhongye Agriculture in Baoshan provides a reference for Baoshan City to develop large-scale agriculture through the transfer of land, and explores to enable farmers to use a piece of land to obtain three incomes of leasing, employment and benefits. new ways to increase farmers' income, especially in poor areas.

Take Hengguan Teda in Longling County as an example, the rent per mu of land is 300 yuan, the daily income of farmers working in the company is 60 to 100 yuan, and the benefit after putting into production is between 40,000 yuan and 60,000 yuan. From March 2015 to March 2016, the company used 13000 temporary workers and paid 840000 yuan in wages. Poor Dong Jiahong family, the company not only rented its 30 mu of land, but also hired husband and wife to manage the orchard, rent plus working income of more than 35000 yuan a year. It is understood that, like Dong Jiahong, 71 households and 142 farmers have been employed as industrial workers through training. at the same time, the company has also recruited 30 technical management personnel in the village and absorbed 8 college students returning to the village, and the effect of transferring rural labor force nearby is obvious. The same is true of the Zhongye Agricultural Company in Shidian County, where the rent per mu of land is 400 to 600 yuan, the daily income of farmers working in the company is 60 to 100 yuan, and the benefit is shared between 40,000 and 60,000 yuan.

On the basis of conscientiously summing up the agricultural development experience of Hengguan Teda and Zhongye and extensive in-depth investigation, thinking and demonstration, we have proposed an innovative land transfer mechanism to create 10 large-scale agricultural demonstration zones with land transfer of tens of thousands of mu in the whole city. we will promote agricultural industrialization, intensification, brand and ecological development, and realize farmers'"one land, three incomes".

Highlight the characteristics in the construction of the base, focus on the development of high-quality characteristic fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, traditional Chinese medicine, flowers and other characteristic industries, each industrial base land circulation area of not less than 10,000 mu, promote "one village, one product" and "one township (county) one industry", to achieve the rapid development of large-scale agriculture.

Highlight the integration in industrial development, take the market demand as the guide, take the raw material supply of the industrial base as the guarantee, give full play to the leading role of large-scale leading enterprises, promote the intensive processing of characteristic agricultural products, extend the industrial chain, and increase the added value of products; integrate the construction of the "ten thousand mu" demonstration zone into the development of global tourism, and carefully create a number of characteristic, facility and tourist eco-agricultural parks to achieve the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

Highlight the brand in the enterprise production, take the cultivation of the brand as the main direction, speed up the construction of the standard system for the processing of agricultural products, promote the standardized production of the processing of agricultural products, promote the certification of "three products and one standard", and use the influence of the brand to enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises. to achieve an enterprise to drive an industry, become rich on one side of the masses, and expand the regional economy.

Highlight innovation in the way of support, set up a 200 million yuan agricultural industry development fund, adopt the "51-49" cooperation model, make it clear that counties (cities, districts) are responsible for construction, and be responsible for overall planning, land circulation and other services. At the same time, we should establish three mechanisms for increasing farmers' income, such as land transfer rent, enterprises back-feeding farmers, and working in companies, and a bonus mechanism for village groups involved in the base, so as to encourage farmers to invest in land trusteeship to enterprises and to work in the base. change them from farmers to industrial workers, speed up the pace of poverty alleviation of poor households, and strengthen the collective economy of village groups through commission incentives. At present, various counties (cities and districts) have planned 18 agricultural demonstration bases on a scale of 10,000 mu, planned 308500 mu of land for transfer, and 12 have completed the transfer of 85600 mu.