Saving cost and increasing efficiency Technology to Save Maize production

Original title: corn production brewing profound technological change

The demonstration party for the establishment of 100000 mu of high yield in Wucheng County with bumper harvest (network photo: Dezhou Daily)

Three rural express comprehensive report: planting area of 550 million mu, grain feeding and processing, this is corn, the largest crop in China. In the face of low corn prices, how to rely on scientific and technological progress to reduce costs and increase farmers' income is of great significance to the maintenance of national food security.

"the production technology of corn in China is close to the advanced level of the world. According to this production technology and mode of operation, the benefits of corn production are already competitive in the international market. " From September 26 to 27, the comprehensive technology integration model of green corn production and efficiency of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences will be held in Wucheng County, Shandong Province. Chen Mengshan, secretary of the party group of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, pointed out at the meeting that a profound technological revolution is brewing in China's corn production mode, which may change the fate of China's corn industry.

Saving cost and increasing efficiency Technology to Save Maize production

"the integrated technology selected in the past two years is mainly based on high yield, and this year mainly emphasizes saving cost and increasing efficiency." Huang Changling, a researcher at the Institute of crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, introduced this to the China Science Daily.

The technologies integrated and popularized in Huang-Huai-Hai corn producing areas this year include "eight matching sets of agricultural machinery and agronomy, six integration of scientific sowing, and four combinations of green prevention and control."

The reason for this change is that corn prices have fallen sharply this year.

At the beginning of this year, when experts developed an integrated technology model for Wucheng County, they predicted the decline in corn prices as a whole. If we pursue the model of high input and high output as in the previous two years, the ratio of input to output can only be basically the same.

According to this situation, experts have improved the integrated technology model, that is, to "save cost and increase efficiency". Huang Changling said that through eight technologies and applications, "three decreases and one increase" can be achieved, that is, losing weight, reducing medicine, reducing labor, and increasing efficiency. The specific measure is to adjust the industry and reduce the planting area of corn, but because the common people are unwilling to give up planting corn, the 600000 mu of land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region has been transferred to less than 70, 000 mu.

Through the green production mode of increasing production and increasing efficiency, the use of chemical fertilizers is reduced by more than 10%, the application of pesticides is reduced by more than 10%, the labor is saved by 1 / mu, the benefit is increased by more than 10%, and the yield per mu is guaranteed to be 70000kg. It is estimated that farmers can save 120 yuan / mu. If it is popularized in a large area in the plots with good soil fertility, if the cost is saved by 120 yuan per mu and the efficiency is increased by 100 yuan, the income can be increased by 220 yuan.

Put "green" in the first place

"after 10 days, the moisture content of the corn will be even lower, and the grains can be harvested directly by machinery." Huang Changling looked at the corn in the demonstration and told China Science Daily that a number of green prevention and control technologies had been integrated this year, emphasizing one control, two reductions and three basics.

First of all, provide disease-resistant varieties to achieve agricultural control; second, provide solar energy, induced insects and other means to achieve physical control, reduce the number of chemical drug use; thirdly, use Trichogramma to prevent the harm of rice borer and achieve biological control; and reduce diseases and insect pests through chemical control.

Among them, three green technologies have attracted the attention of journalists.

Atailing, a plant immune protein inducer developed by the Institute of Plant Protection of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, does not directly act on plant pathogens, but enhances resistance by inducing plant immunity, so as to make plants grow healthily, reduce disasters and increase yield. At the same time, it can reduce the use of drugs and protect the safety of ecological and agricultural products.

Wang Weiwei of Anhui Agricultural University told China Science Daily that the intelligent thermal atomization spray technology they developed uses tracked robots to spray on fields in the middle and later stages of corn production and can spray pesticides on the back of leaves where drones cannot be applied. A hot fog machine is equivalent to the work efficiency of 15 workers, reducing labor costs and avoiding health damage to workers caused by drugs.

On the other hand, Huang Zhiqiang, a researcher at the Institute of Scientific Research of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, developed a growth regulator called "Jindele" according to the regulation principle of hormones, which was sprayed on the leaves during the leaf development period of maize 6 to achieve the effect of increasing root quantity, improving plant type and increasing yield.

Close to the world level

"on the whole, corn in China seems to be developing rapidly, but its innovation ability is relatively weak, which needs to be supported by excellent varieties and systematic mechanism innovation." Li Xinhai, deputy director of the Institute of crops of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, pointed out at the meeting that the development of the processing industry of corn feed, energy and high value-added products needs the support, transformation and upgrading of high-quality corn and processing technology.

However, after inspecting the demonstration sites in Wucheng County, Chen Mengshan believes that China's corn production technology is close to the world's advanced level. According to this production technology and mode of operation, the benefits of corn production have been competitive in the international market.

The yield of 300000 mu of corn demonstration field in Wucheng project demonstration area reaches 667kg per mu, which is close to the national average level of 690kg in the United States, while the corn industry in the United States marks the advanced level in the world. In terms of input, the actual input cost of production factors is 300 yuan per mu, plus land use and labor costs, a total of 1000 yuan per mu, the production cost per kilogram of corn is 0.75 yuan.

"this set of technological path has established the competitiveness of agricultural production for us." Chen Mengshan said. (our reporter Li Chen)