Pay attention to the application of "Yuezi fertilizer" after grape harvest.

Original title: how to replenish the most nutritious grape "Yuezi Fat"

Yuezi fat drawing: Wu Di

Ditch application of base fertilizer

Application of base fertilizer at acupoint

Integration of water and fertilizer

Comprehensive report on Agriculture, Rural areas and Farmers Express: grapes also want to "sit on the moon"? That's right! Because after the grape harvest, the fruit takes away most of the nutrients in the tree, the vine is as weak as the postpartum mother and needs timely nutrition to restore the tree. During the period of "sitting on the moon", what should the fruit growers do for the vines? Ji Yanzhi, an associate professor at Hebei Agricultural University, suggests that the grape is stored and maintained in stages from fruit harvest to overwintering, and fruit growers should promptly apply "Yuezi fertilizer", which is mainly organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer, to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of grape trees in early spring next year.

"just like the postpartum mother, the grapes are stored and maintained in stages from harvest to overwintering, requiring 'sitting on the moon' to supplement the consumed nutrients." Ji Yanzhi told reporters, "during this period, it is not only the period of flower bud differentiation, but also the peak period of root growth, and the nutrition of the tree is transferred from the pre-harvest to the fruit to the accumulation of the tree itself, so it needs a lot of nutrients." In addition, at this time, the air temperature and ground temperature are relatively high, the injured roots of the tree are easy to heal, and timely 'sitting on the moon' can effectively promote the development of new roots. "

In Ji Yanzhi's mouth, "sitting Yuezi" refers to the way that fruit growers apply "Yuezi fertilizer" to grapevines through ditch or hole application of base fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer. "the role of 'Yuezi fertilizer' is obvious: first, it can increase the accumulation of nutrients in the tree; second, it is conducive to the healing of injured roots and germination of new roots; third, it can avoid soil drought caused by fertilization; fourth, it can make the base fertilizer give play to its fertilizer effect in a timely manner." Ji Yanzhi said.

"Yuezi Fat" should be timely.

The grape "Yuezi Fat" sounds interesting, but you have to be sure about fertilizing. Generally speaking, September to November every year is the best fertilization period for "Yuezi fertilizer". Ji Yanzhi said: "the autumn application of basal fertilizer is beneficial to increase the accumulation of nutrients in trees, improve photosynthesis and increase the storage of plant organic matter, which is very beneficial to the tree potential, fruit yield and quality in the following year."

Ji Yanzhi said that during the research team she led in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province, it was found that many fruit farmers often ignore the use of "Yuezi fertilizer" after grape picking: some are pressed for time because they carry out winter cutting and burying the soil to prevent cold immediately after harvest; some are afraid of trouble and feel that there is no need to apply fertilizer after picking; and some lack of understanding of the effect of "Yuezi fertilizer".

In addition, in a survey of 158 fruit farmers, the research team also found that only 15 households applied base fertilizer in autumn, accounting for 9.5% of the total number of farmers surveyed, while other farmers applied fertilizer in spring. In this regard, Ji Yanzhi pointed out: "if base fertilizer is applied only in winter and spring, the effect of fertilizer will be delayed. In spring, when new shoots and fruits need a lot of nutrients to grow at the same time, they will compete for lack of nutrients and reduce the fruit setting rate." affect flower bud differentiation, fruit expansion, coloring and sugar content. "

It can be seen that if the grape "Yuezi fertilizer" is ignored, it will really "mistakenly apply fertilizer once and affect the third generation of fruit". Ji Yanzhi said that grape "sitting" is not good at "Yuezi" and neglecting tree management in the later stage will lead to premature damage to leaves, reduced photosynthesis, and nutrient deficiency in tree storage, resulting in a lack of nutrients in early spring, late and irregular germination, and even flower bud degradation, reducing flowering and fruiting. If there is little blossom and fruit, it will cause the branches and leaves to grow in the next year, and then affect the fruit in the third year.

"Yuezi Fat" should be mended.

"Grape 'Yuezi fertilizer' should be mainly organic fertilizer, mainly including mature farm manure or factory-produced commercial organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer." Ji Yanzhi said, for example, that the research team's four-year experiment in the grape science and technology demonstration garden in Huailai County, Hebei Province, found that the amount of organic fertilizer applied in autumn was 30% less than that of traditional fertilization, but the yield increased by 13.8%. The content of vitamin C in the fruit is 14.25 mg / 100 g, which is about 40% higher than that of traditional fertilization.

In fact, Ji Yanzhi also found that the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the main grape producing areas in Hebei Province was on the high side. The content of soil organic matter in orchard is 9.6-14.3g / kg, which is lack or low level. 74% of the orchard organic fertilizer application rate in the survey sample is less than 1000 kg / mu.

"this shows that many farmers still attach importance to chemical fertilizers and ignore organic fertilizers." Ji Yanzhi continued, "of course, the right amount of chemical fertilizer investment is also very important." For example, table grape 'Zuyuezi' should follow the fertilization principle of giving priority to base fertilizer, reasonable topdressing of chemical fertilizer in key growth period, and foliar spraying of medium and trace element fertilizer. "

"Yuezi Fat" should be made up.

How can the postharvest grape "moon fat" be mended skillfully? Ji Yanzhi said that there are two ways: one is to apply base fertilizer in ditches or holes, and the other is to spray foliar fertilizer.

How to carry out ditch application or hole application of base fertilizer? According to Ji Yanzhi, from September to the middle of November is the peak of grape root growth and development from harvest to before burying the soil against cold. Generally, ditches are alternately opened or holes are dug on both sides of the fixed plant line every other year, 40 centimeters from the tree body and 40 centimeters wide and 30 centimeters wide. When opening the ditch, the topsoil and raw soil are opened. before fertilization, first backfill a layer of topsoil of about 10 cm, apply 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, then apply 35 kg of grape special fertilizer, stir the soil and fertilizer evenly, and finally backfill with raw soil to the ditch level.

How to spray foliar fertilizer? She said that after harvest to before defoliation, generally from September to the end of October, leaf photosynthesis entered the second peak, spraying 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days or so, spraying 2 times in a row.

"in addition, we also put forward the soil testing formula fertilization technology to make the grape 'Yuezi Fei' more targeted." Ji Yanzhi said, "this is based on soil tests and fertilizer field experiments, according to the law of grape fertilizer requirement, soil fertilizer supply performance and fertilizer effect, and on the basis of rational application of organic fertilizers." study the quantity, time and mode of applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers. "

"Yuezi Fat." Don't repair the injury.

Mend, mend, don't mend the wound! "the application of organic fertilizer or shallow application is easy to increase the amount of fertilizer, the root system of grape is very difficult to root down, and the rotten maturity of organic fertilizer is poor, which can easily cause diseases and insect pests and other problems." Ji Yanzhi explained that on the one hand, excessive application of organic fertilizer will cause ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching, resulting in an increase in nitrate content in groundwater; on the other hand, fresh and immature organic fertilizer will enhance the trend of soil denitrification and increase nitrous oxide emissions. Third, excessive application of manure will also cause the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil.

Excessive application of chemical fertilizer will also cause soil pollution. In particular, nitrogen fertilizer will enter the water body to increase the content of nitrate and increase the emission of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. Ji Yanzhi said, for example, that in recent years, grape nitrogen fertilizer in Hebei Province has been applied as high as 75 kg per mu of pure nitrogen, equivalent to 163 kg of urea. After nitrogen fertilizer was applied into the soil, in addition to being absorbed and utilized by fruit trees, 15%-46% nitrogen remained in the soil, 3%-57% volatilization loss, 10%-38% infiltration loss, and about 70% of the total nitrogen fertilizer entered the environment, resulting in the deterioration of the ecological environment.

"in addition, remember not to use chlorine-containing fertilizers." Ji Yanzhi warned, "in fact, the key to a good month for grapes is scientific and rational fertilization and tree management." (our reporter Liu Zhenyuan)

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