Corn planting area is not concentrated, short-distance cross-area machine harvest is the main.

Original title: Henan encourages short-distance cross-district machine collection

In autumn, more than 700,000 mu of corn in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, has matured one after another in Chiping County. Local farmers have stepped up harvest, drying and storage. The fields and courtyards are golden everywhere, which is a busy farming scene. The picture shows that farmers drive corn machines to harvest corn in Houlou Village, Jiazhai Town, the county recently. Zhao Yuguo Photographe: Dong Xueke

Comprehensive report on three rural through trains: In 2015, China's corn planting area was 572 million mu, the machine harvesting area reached 360 million mu, and the machine harvesting level reached 63%. Among them, more than 99,000 corn harvesters in the main corn producing areas participated in cross-regional mechanical harvesting, completing nearly 70 million mu of operation area, accounting for 19.6% of the total mechanical harvesting area, and the proportion of cross-regional mechanical harvesting was obviously low. With the accumulation of practical experience in wheat and rice inter-regional mechanical harvesting and the demonstration and application of large-area corn mechanical harvesting, the conditions for promoting corn inter-regional mechanical harvesting have been met. But the corn harvest period span is big, at present mostly by the local operation primarily. That's largely because farmers haven't realized the benefits of a late harvest. If we vigorously promote timely and late harvest, the time span of corn harvest will be greatly shortened, and corn cross-regional mechanical harvest will become another "gold mining land" in the field of agricultural mechanization in China. - Editor

"It's much easier to harvest corn with machines. I'm not afraid of autumn tigers." Shangshuiwang, a farmer in Shangzhuang Village, Chencao Township, Xuchang County, Henan Province, said that more than 40 mu of corn at home was harvested in less than two days, saving labor and effort and not spending more money. 80% of the villagers in the village use machine harvesting, only those relatively small plots are still broken by hand, corn machine harvesting must be the future development direction.

1

Machine harvesting helps corn harvest late in time

It is understood that the corn harvesters currently used in field operations are mainly divided into ear picking corn combine harvesters (ear harvest) and corn grain combine harvesters (grain harvest). Henan Province agricultural machinery bureau agricultural machinery management director Hu Jinbo introduced, The province corn harvester more than 65,000 sets, Among them pick ear type corn combine harvester accounts for a larger proportion, These machines can fully meet the province corn harvest demand.

"The development of corn grain harvesters is relatively late, and it is upgraded from the ear picking corn harvester. The moisture content of corn after direct harvest is relatively high, so it must be equipped with corresponding grain drying equipment." Hu Jinbo said.

For large-scale planting cooperatives, it is more appropriate to choose seed harvest. Hua County Huanyong farmers planting professional cooperatives transfer more than 2000 mu of land planted corn. "Because the link of threshing after picking ears is relatively labor-intensive, more than half of the plots of cooperatives choose direct grain harvest. 90% of the farmers in our surrounding villages use direct picking and then go back to dry and thresh." said Du Huanyong, director-general of the cooperative.

Du Huanyong introduced, Now most farmers to machine harvest more recognition, General planting three or five acres of land farmers are using machine harvest, And large grain farmers will have drying equipment. Like our more than 2000 mu corn harvest after there is no place to spread drying, can only be dried by machine. Although the cost has gone up, the investment in artificial drying has been reduced, which is relatively cost-effective.

Du Huanyong also calculated an account for reporters, 1 labor day 8 hours, can harvest 1.5 mu, and mechanical operation 8 hours harvest at least 40 mu; hired workers complete 1 mu of corn ear picking, peeling, bundling and so on need more than 120 yuan, and mechanical harvest 1 mu cost in about 70 yuan. It can be said that corn harvesting efficiency is high, cost is low, and will be used in large areas like wheat harvesting in the future.

"Corn mechanical harvest can also realize timely late harvest, improve yield and quality, and do not hinder the sowing of the next winter wheat." Hu Jinbo said, According to the experiment, Summer corn from wax ripening stage to complete ripening stage, Harvest 1 day per night, Thousand grain weight increased 3~4 grams, Per mu increased yield 6~8 kilograms. If the harvest is 7~10 days late, the yield per mu will increase by 50~80 kg.

2

Inter-regional harvesting is dominated by short distances

Dongfanghong Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Wuyang County has 4 ear picking corn harvesters and 6 corn seed harvesters. "Autumn grain is not like wheat. Some places grow more corn, and some places grow more soybeans and peanuts. The corn planting areas are not concentrated, and the maturity period is also scattered. We only have two machines to participate in cross-regional operations. Generally, they are harvested for large grain growers who have made reservations in advance, and almost do not go to other places to harvest." Yan Yuedong, chairman of the cooperative, said.

The reporter learned that the harvest time span of autumn corn is generally longer than that of "three summers" wheat. As long as it does not encounter continuous rain, it is not necessary to rush to harvest, not from south to north in a short time. Therefore, corn harvest time flexibility is relatively large, such a machine in the local coverage is also relatively large, corn harvesters are mostly in the local harvest after short-distance cross-regional operations.

"This year, Henan Province organized more than 4.3 million sets of agricultural machinery to be put into production in the 'Three Autumn' period, striving to achieve a corn yield of about 75%, an increase of 2 percentage points over the previous year." Hu Jinbo said that according to the operation time difference in the region, the locomotive dispatching scheme suitable for small-scale mobile operation shall be formulated in advance, the coordination of operation supply and demand, technical guidance, information guidance service, etc. shall be done well, the surplus and shortage of machinery shall be adjusted in time, and the balance of mechanical supply and demand shall be maintained.

Based on practical considerations, Henan Province Agricultural Machinery Bureau requires county-level agricultural machinery departments to actively organize agricultural machinery cooperatives and other social service organizations to sign whole-process or single-item operation contracts with surrounding village groups and farmers in the village, encourage cross-regional operation of corn mechanical harvesting, mechanical tillage and sowing projects, improve operation efficiency, increase income of mechanical hands and speed up autumn grain production progress.

3

Corn harvesting needs mechanical integration

"Although the efficiency of mechanical harvesting is relatively high, it is generally not as clean as manual harvesting, and there are more cases of falling ears. If the corn encounters lodging, the mechanical harvest effect is even less ideal." Shang Shuiwang pointed out the weakness of the corn harvester.

Yan Yuedong, who has been operating harvesters for many years, also has no move in the face of lodging corn. "If the lodging area is too large, the impurity rate of mechanical harvest is relatively high. Now the machine needs to be improved so that the lodging corn can be harvested normally." Yan Yuedong said that in the actual operation process found that some corn varieties are not suitable for seed harvest.

For Du Huanyong, who has more experience in mechanical harvesting, when operating agricultural machinery to pick corn cobs, first ensure that the gap between corn husks of harvesting machine is reasonable, and at the same time adjust straw crushing rate to reduce the probability of straw blocking machine. "Although corn mechanical harvest is basically mature, but the popularity and technical level are still not as high as wheat mechanical harvest level."

Agricultural machinery hand in the actual operation of machinery also encountered some problems, such as novice can not skillfully operate the machine, harvesting process operation adjustment some deviation, resulting in machine failure. "This requires manufacturers to keep up with after-sales service in a timely manner. During the" three summers "and" three autumns "every year, we require that each county and district have after-sales service points from manufacturers, and problems with machines can be solved in time." Hu Jinbo said.

Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Henan Province adopts subsidy policy pull, administrative organization promotion, typical demonstration drive, agricultural machinery agronomy integration and other methods to improve corn mechanical harvest level. In terms of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy funds, priority shall be given to meeting the needs of corn harvesting machinery, financial departments at all levels shall be encouraged to implement accumulative subsidies for farmers to purchase corn harvesters, actively promote the practice of implementing subsidies for corn harvesting operations, and learn from the experience of wheat cross-regional operation to carry out corn cross-regional mechanical harvesting. (Reporter Zhang Peiqi Fan Yaxu)