How to "store grain in the ground"

Facing the increasingly thin black land, Heilongjiang has increased land management, farmland water conservancy facilities construction, reduced chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides and chemical herbicides, and improved cultivated land quality and comprehensive grain production capacity.

"All things are born in the earth, and there is food in the earth." Land is the foundation of survival and development. Once black land "planted firewood also blossoms", is facing the problem of soil erosion. Under this background, Heilongjiang Province carries out land remediation, continuously improves cultivated land quality and output capacity, implements "three reductions" action, reduces soil pollution, gradually realizes "storing grain in the ground", and continuously improves cultivated land quality and comprehensive grain production capacity.

Land improvement to improve utilization efficiency

Heilongjiang Province is located in the Northeast Plain, one of the three black soil belts in the world. Natural black soil is fertile as oil. However, in recent years, the contradiction between development and protection has become increasingly prominent, and the natural conditions have been tightened, which is eroding the black soil, and the organic matter in the black soil cultivation layer is decreasing. Therefore, Heilongjiang regards land remediation as an important means to improve the quantity and quality of cultivated land, puts forward the idea of implementing large-scale construction of land remediation, and implements a number of high-standard and high-quality modern land remediation demonstration projects.

In Heilongjiang Province Fujin City ten thousand mu rice demonstration base, along the field gravel road, the reporter came to the northeast paddy field agricultural machinery professional cooperative rice field, I saw paddy field built into a big pool, the ridge straight line. In previous years, there were many canals and ponds in paddy fields; when it rained in autumn, the muddy roads in the uneven fields could not be entered by vehicles, and the grain could not be pulled out. Only after winter freezing could the grain be transported out.

The change of paddy field infrastructure of Northeast Paddy Field Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Fujin City benefited from the land improvement project carried out in Heilongjiang Province. Liu Chun, director-general of the cooperative, said that one mu of land used to have a pond, but now it has become a standardized square field, and only one pond is needed for one hectare of paddy field.

The pond is bigger and the ridge is less. Only this item of Northeast Paddy Field Agricultural Machinery Cooperative adds 400 mu of effective planting area, and the pond is bigger, which is convenient for mechanized transplanting and mechanized harvesting. Cai Yuanjun, director of the Bureau of Land and Resources of Fujin City, said that the repair of field roads improved the efficiency of farmers 'production and transportation, reduced energy consumption and ensured farming time. Liu Chun calculated an account. After land renovation, the average fuel consumption per mu was reduced by 3 liters, the cost was saved by 15 yuan, and the cost of employing large vehicles was reduced by 200 yuan.

In the third management area of Qianjin Farm of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Jiansanjiang Administration Bureau, 400 mu paddy fields planted by large households and Shengjun are connected into one piece, growing happily. In the past few years, Sheng Jun planted plots, there are four or five acres of blisters, the whole plot is not even in pieces.

Since 2008, Qianjin Farm has completed 3 land improvement projects, the blisters of Shengjun planting plots have been filled, and 8400 mu of cultivated land has been newly added to the whole Qianjin Farm. Li Zhi, head of the Qianjin Farm Land Renovation Office, said that after the renovation, the goal of land leveling, canal connection, road connection and forest protection network was achieved.

Sun Heng, chief planner of the Department of Land and Resources of Heilongjiang Province, said that since the implementation of land remediation in 2001, Heilongjiang Province has invested 29 billion yuan accumulatively, the scale of land remediation has reached 34.05 million mu, 1.76 million mu of newly added cultivated land, and the proportion of land increase has reached more than 6%, more than twice the national standard, and the grain production capacity has been continuously improved.

Water conservancy projects improve grain production capacity

In the process of land consolidation, Heilongjiang Province also combines land consolidation with water conservancy projects. Where the backbone water conservancy projects are built, where the supporting projects in the land remediation field are built, and the "one map" planning of land remediation and water conservancy projects is realized, thus improving the utilization efficiency of water resources and improving the quality and output capacity of cultivated land.

Xiong Libo, a big grain grower, is checking seedling growth at the tenth operation station of the fourth management area of Heilongjiang 859 Farm, and two meters deep under his feet is a 40-meter-wide culvert. Sun Peng, secretary of the Party committee of 859 Farm, said that through the land improvement project, concrete pipes will be buried and open channels covering an area of 40 meters will be backfilled into good farmland, realizing rice planting on the ground and channels underground, directly reducing irrigation water loss by 15%.

"By burying the pipeline, I have reduced 44 acres of arable land and reduced seepage losses and evaporation losses." Xiong Libo said.

Sun Heng said, In the past three years, In Heilongjiang Province 55 large and medium-sized irrigation areas above the scope, Divided into 9 batches to implement the field water conservancy project as the focus of 156 land renovation projects, The total construction scale 8.01 million mu, Surface water replacement groundwater irrigation area 1.91 million mu.

In Fujin City, the project of continuous construction and water-saving reconstruction of Xingfu Irrigation District has been implemented. Li Yuanbo, mayor of Fujin City, said that since the implementation of high-standard farmland construction since 2011, the effective utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water has reached 70% to more than 80%. At present, the water-saving irrigation area of Fujin City has reached 78,100 mu, which can save 4,133,500 cubic meters of water annually, save 710,500 degrees of energy and increase grain production capacity by 1.55 billion kg. "Through the combination of land remediation and water conservancy projects, the irrigation water efficiency in the project area has been improved, the waste of agricultural irrigation water resources has been effectively reduced, and efforts have been made to promote the sustainable use of water resources."

Land improvement not only builds all farmland in the project area into high-standard basic farmland with drought and flood, high and stable yield, water saving and high efficiency, but also promotes centralized and moderate scale management of land, increases the overall equipment of agricultural machinery, improves the operation level of agricultural machinery, consolidates the foundation of agricultural production and creates good material conditions for promoting the construction of new countryside.

Liu Chun, Xiong Libo and other large grain farmers said that after land remediation,"water, roads, electricity, more land, enough strength." According to the calculation of the Department of Land and Resources of Heilongjiang Province, the cultivated land after renovation increased by about 200 jin per mu. From 2006 to 2014, Heilongjiang Province increased grain production by nearly 7.4 billion jin through land renovation, which alone increased farmers 'income from grain cultivation by 8.12 billion yuan.

Implementing "Three Reduction" and Promoting "Grain Storage in the Land"

Sheng Jun is an employee of Shengli Farm in Sanjiang Reclamation Area. He has contracted more than 400 mu of land for his whole life this year and hired more than ten people to help transplant rice seedlings. "Black soil is our lifeblood. We must treat it well." Sheng Jun said, Now farms are promoting the use of new side deep fertilizer integrated machine, The biggest feature is in transplanting while lateral deep application of granular compound fertilizer, Improve fertilizer utilization rate, Reduce fertilizer application amount, To achieve fertilizer control efficiency, Green planting effect.

"At present, the reclamation area vigorously carries out soil fertility protection measures such as straw returning to the field, soil testing and formula fertilization, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, etc., and strengthens the inspection of cultivated land quality, which not only effectively improves the soil fertility, but also effectively curbs the decline trend of soil quality." Wang Xuguang, deputy director of Jiansanjiang Reclamation Administration Bureau, said.

It is understood that in order to protect black land, assist the development of modern ecological agriculture and promote the transformation from "big granary" to green "big kitchen," in recent years, Heilongjiang Province has further promoted the "three reductions" action of reducing chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides and chemical herbicides in agriculture.

In Heilongjiang Province start-up farm "three minus" experimental field, the reporter saw, the display board shows the rice side deep fertilization technology and general fertilization comparison. According to Bao Yong, chief of agricultural section of Chuangye Farm, rice side deep fertilization technology reduces fertilizer application amount, realizes high yield, saves cost, increases efficiency and reduces non-point source pollution.

"According to the actual measurement in autumn last year, compared with conventional fertilization, side deep fertilization can increase yield by 53.5 kg per mu, increase yield by 8.7%, and increase efficiency by 160 yuan per mu." Bao Yong said that deep lateral fertilization avoids the waste of fertilizer evaporation, leaching and emission caused by habitual fertilization, reduces pollution to ecological environment such as water source, prevents excessive soil hardening and acidification, gradually realizes "storing grain in the ground", and continuously improves cultivated land quality and comprehensive grain production capacity.

In 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture proposed to achieve zero growth in fertilizer use for major crops by 2020. Starting from this year, the demonstration area of agricultural "three reductions" in each county (city, district) of Heilongjiang Province shall not be less than 100,000 mu, and the average application amount of chemical fertilizer per mu shall be reduced by more than 10% by 2020, the application amount of chemical pesticides shall be reduced by more than 30% compared with the occurrence year of the same diseases and insect pests, and the application amount of herbicides shall be reduced by more than 20%.

In order to achieve these goals, Heilongjiang promotes technological innovation of agricultural "three reductions". Soil testing and formula fertilization, increasing organic fertilizer application, improving pesticide application methods, improving monitoring and early warning capabilities of major diseases and pests, and establishing scientific farming systems will all be applied to the practice of "three reductions".

The strictest farmland management "responsibility form"

Entering the monitoring hall of Qianjin Farm Land and Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation and Construction Sanjiang Administration Bureau, click the mouse, and the crop growth, illegal occupation and destruction of cultivated land of each cultivated land can be seen through the HD video monitoring system.

Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Jiansanjiang Administration Bureau has a cultivated area of more than 11 million mu, with a large cultivated area and few land law enforcement personnel. Since 2013, Jiansanjiang Land and Resources Bureau has built a high-definition monitoring system for farmland protection and law enforcement supervision. Monitoring points have been set up in 15 farm departments and key management areas under its jurisdiction, and 27 monitoring points have been built.

According to Yu Chuanwu, deputy director of Jiansanjiang Land and Resources Bureau, the HD camera of the monitoring point of the system can rotate 360 degrees in plane and 90 degrees up and down in all aspects, and can monitor the land use situation within 70 square kilometers around the monitoring point in real time.

The application of the system enhances the means of farmland protection and the efficiency of dynamic inspection. Yang Shuliang, director of the Land and Resources Institute of Qianjin Farm, said that it used to take a day or two to inspect the cultivated land around the farm, but now it can be completed in just a few minutes using the video surveillance system.

Jiansanjiang land resources bureau director zhou weijiang said, through this system, equivalent to farmland protection installed "clairvoyance", increased farmland protection efforts, improve the land resources department to illegal activities inspection ability. Last year alone, Jiansanjiang Land and Resources Bureau used this system to find more than 20 illegal clues, including illegal soil borrowing, construction of prefabricated houses, etc., and stopped or dismantled them as soon as possible.

In addition, the top leaders of the government also sign responsibility certificates every year to clarify the rigid tasks of cultivated land ownership and basic farmland protection area. Heilongjiang Province Department of Land and Resources Department of cultivated land protection researcher Yu Hongfeng said, Heilongjiang is an agricultural province, some grass-roots cadres anxious for immediate development, think "planting enterprises" than "planting grain" more cost-effective, often eager for quick success, do not seek long-term. In order to change the understanding, since 2009, the government of Heilongjiang Province has signed cultivated land protection responsibility certificates with various cities every year.