The Henan path of Modern Agriculture

The 13th five-year Plan is the decisive stage for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and it is also a key period for Henan to basically form a great pattern of modernization and make the Central Plains more outstanding. As a major agricultural province, it is of great significance and arduous task to make up for the agricultural "deficiency" in promoting the synchronization of the four modernizations. We must adhere to the concept of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, clearly understand the situation, find the right way, speed up the deepening of reform, effectively solve development problems, plant development advantages, and scientifically lead the rapid development of modern agriculture. find a way for modern agriculture in Henan.

The main problems facing the development of modern agriculture in our province

At present, the development of agricultural modernization in our province is facing some rare opportunities and advantages, but at the same time, the development of modern agriculture in our province will also face many problems and challenges: first, the overall economic recovery process of the world economy is difficult and tortuous. The stable operation of China's macro-economy is facing a complex and severe situation, the unstable and uncertain factors affecting agriculture, rural areas and farmers are increasing, and it is more difficult to maintain the sustained and healthy development of agriculture. Second, the structural contradictions in agricultural production have become increasingly prominent, the phenomenon of "not many excellent and many not excellent" in the supply of agricultural products is common, and it is increasingly urgent to adjust the structure, change the way, and improve quality and efficiency, and it is difficult to solve the problem. Third, the rising trend of agricultural production costs is difficult to contain, it is still difficult to achieve high quality and high prices of agricultural products, and the growth of agricultural operating income has narrowed; industrial development has slowed down, and the growth of farmers' wage income is limited; and rural reform has entered deep-water areas. it is difficult to achieve farmers' property income, and it is more difficult to promote the sustained increase of farmers' income. Fourth, behind the continuous increase in grain production and the continuous improvement of agriculture, various factors of production have become very tight, the "red light" of resources and environment has begun to light, and agriculture has shown new characteristics such as shortage of resources and tightening constraints of ecological environment. The restrictive factors of agricultural production are increasing and intertwined, complex and changeable. The heavy use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films and other inputs have brought serious non-point source pollution and white pollution, seriously endangering the improvement of the production capacity and quality and safety of agricultural products, and the obvious decline of groundwater level in some areas, which poses a threat to the sustainable development of agriculture. the traditional mode of agricultural production, management and resource utilization has been difficult to sustain. Fifth, how to coordinate the relationship between the important task of food security shouldered by our province and the development of high-efficiency agriculture, especially the upside-down of international and domestic prices in grain production, the squeezing of cost floor and price ceiling, and the structural imbalance between supply and demand of some agricultural products. Grain production at a high starting point to achieve stable production and other problems, this is the development of modern agriculture in our province can not get around a hurdle.

Leading the new development of modern agriculture in Henan with new ideas

Take the concept of the integration of three industries as a key to solve the new dilemma of county rural economic development. At present, the problems commonly encountered in the development of county economy are the underdevelopment of county economy, the lack of vitality of industrial development, the difficulty of improving the level of urbanization and the activation of essential factors. And agriculture has always been the main industry below the county level. Because of the weak quality and low efficiency of agriculture, it is difficult for agriculture itself to get rid of the economic "trough". The development of the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries must be based on agriculture, and at the same time, it has greatly expanded the value-added space of agriculture and the field of industrial development. Some successful cases of triple industry integration have fully demonstrated the value and function of this development model. During the 13th five-year Plan period, all localities should strive to create a pattern of rural industrial integration with complete chains, complementary functions, rich forms of industry and close connection of interests, so as to promote the development of rural industrial integration and let farmers share the value-added benefits of the industrial chain. Or rely on products, innovate and develop order agriculture, encourage leading enterprises and farmers' cooperatives to provide farmers with technical training, loan guarantee, insurance assistance and other services, develop industrial chain finance, carry out joint marketing, and build joint brands. Or, relying on industry, implement the pilot demonstration project of "a hundred counties, thousands of townships and ten thousand villages" for the integration of rural industries, and build a number of pilot demonstration counties (cities) and agricultural industrialization demonstration bases for the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas. we will promote the agglomeration of specialized and large-scale production bodies and leading enterprises and supporting service enterprises. Or rely on property rights, promote land management rights into shares to develop agricultural industrialization pilot, through "bottom guarantee + dividends" and other forms to enable farmers to share value-added benefits. Or rely on the integration of production and city, explore an effective way to combine the development of rural industrial integration with new urbanization, and guide the concentration of secondary and tertiary industries to counties, key townships and industrial parks. Or rely on the integration of production and village, carry out the construction of characteristic villages and towns and build small towns with local characteristics.

Take the promotion of agricultural supply-side reform as the fundamental measure to stimulate the endogenous power of agriculture. The core of supply-side structural reform is to actively adapt to changes in market demand, optimize the allocation of production factors, improve total factor productivity, better adapt to and meet consumer demand, and promote sustained and healthy economic and social development. As far as agriculture is concerned, the focus of supply-side structural reform is to "change the mode of agricultural development, adjust the structure, reduce costs, make up for deficiencies and promote integration", that is, to change the mode of agricultural development, adjust and optimize the structure of agricultural production capacity, reduce the costs of agricultural production, circulation and sales, make up for various shortcomings such as weak farmland infrastructure and limited resources and environment, extend the agricultural industrial chain and broaden the agricultural value chain. We will promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, and achieve the transformation and upgrading of agricultural development, and improve quality and efficiency.

Combined with the reality of our province, the supply-side structural reform of agriculture must first ensure the safety of food rations, that is, the production of wheat and rice, which is the premise, but it should also change from excessive emphasis on high yield to optimization, quality and benefit. The second is to meet the market demand, the reduction, the optimization, such as properly reducing corn planting, actively developing high-quality special wheat with strong and weak gluten in line with enterprise processing standards, and market segmentation of high-quality oil and edible peanuts, especially high-quality forage grasses such as high-oleic acid peanuts, alfalfa and whole-plant silage corn with broad market prospects. According to local conditions, we will develop the production of high-quality dried and fresh fruits, facilities melons and vegetables, alpine cold dishes, edible fungi and other characteristic agricultural products. Actively promote the development of herbivorous animal husbandry dominated by cattle and sheep in animal husbandry, and actively combine with planting industry to develop circular agriculture. As a result, we will promote agricultural production to shift from quantity-based to equal emphasis on quantity and quality, pay more attention to efficiency, pay attention to market orientation, strive to increase the supply of green, safe, high-quality and quality agricultural products, and increase the supply of characteristic agricultural products. Third, efforts should be made to promote the direction of regionalization of agricultural layout, scale of operation, standardization of production and development and industrialization of agriculture in the province, so as to speed up the construction of a new industrial system, production system and management system of modern agriculture in the province. to achieve the reform goal of changing the mode, reducing costs, making up for deficiencies, and promoting integration. Fourth, we should vigorously support the innovation of industrial model and marketing model, which is very important to the development of high-quality structure of agricultural products. In the cultivation of the new agricultural subject, the value of high-quality agricultural products can not be realized reasonably and effectively, which has become the key to the development of agricultural quality. "Bad money drives out good" in the agricultural product market is still a common phenomenon. Only through an effective and appropriate industrial model or marketing model, the high quality and high price of agricultural products can be reflected.

Take the three major projects as the starting point to realize a new leap in development

The first is the "tens of millions" project. The ten million million project is the main starting point for the implementation of the grain core area strategy, is a trump card of Henan, but also a major advantage of Henan. At present, grain production in the province has increased by 12 in a row and summer grain in 13, creating a miracle in the history of grain production. However, it is self-evident that it is difficult to achieve a sustained bumper harvest and create new highs at a high starting point. Therefore, in the future, the focus of grain production should be on the transformation of development mode and the exploration of effective ways or models for sustained and stable grain growth, including the adjustment of breeding objectives, the integrated application of technology, the cultivation of new subjects, the optimization of subsidy policies, and so on. What is particularly important is to strongly promote the in-depth integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries of the grain industry in accordance with the requirements of the supply-side structural reform, and cultivate the main body of the integrated development of the grain industry in the form of association, merger and reorganization, so as to become bigger and stronger, reverse the situation of "wheat strong and weak", and comprehensively raise the level of industrial integration and development of grain, especially wheat in Henan.

The second is the cluster cultivation project of modern agricultural industrialization. As far as the development of the cluster itself is concerned, it is necessary to change the transformation from a single leading enterprise to a leading enterprise cluster, constantly lengthen the industrial chain, and realize the gradual matching of many links, such as processing, transportation, warehousing, sales, and so on. Agriculture is integrated before, during and after production, forming a business group with close upstream and downstream cooperation, relatively perfect industrial chain, strong radiation driving ability and comprehensive benefits of a certain scale. And through cluster cultivation, build a number of agricultural science and technology support platforms, cultivate a number of brand agriculture.

The third is the development project of urban ecological agriculture. Urban ecological agriculture is an important type of modern agriculture. It is a comprehensive and efficient modern agriculture that integrates production, life and ecology. It can effectively promote the two-way flow of urban and rural resources and achieve harmonious coexistence between urban and rural areas. The construction of urban ecological agriculture complements and completes the content of modern agriculture in Henan and is indispensable. According to the current actual situation, there are many problems in urban ecological agriculture, the most important of which is restricted by land policy, which greatly restricts the construction and function of urban ecological agriculture; second, the cost of land circulation and labor continues to rise, which makes it difficult for many urban ecological agriculture to make profits, even difficult to sustain, affecting the follow-up development of urban ecological agriculture; third, the financing channels are limited, and the risk of capital chain breaking is greater. Therefore, in order to plan the development of urban ecological agriculture, we must come up with a special development plan of urban ecological agriculture as soon as possible, and correctly guide the development of urban ecological agriculture. All localities should closely combine the conditions of resources, actively explore the appropriate model for the development of urban ecological agriculture, and explore the development ways and models of the integration of production cities and villages, such as "agricultural complex" and "citizen farm". To explore ways to solve the problem for the development of urban ecological agriculture.