How to break the situation with a low level of agricultural mechanization in the hilly and mountainous areas of South China

At present, the level of comprehensive mechanization of crops in China has exceeded 60%, but the level of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas in the south is relatively low, and most of the mechanized production of crops is in the stage of technological improvement and maturity or demonstration and extension. In 11 southern provinces, such as Hunan, Zhejiang and Yunnan, hilly and mountainous areas account for more than 60% of cultivated land, resulting in the southern region becoming a "depression" for the development of agricultural mechanization in China. In 2014, the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation and harvest in 13 of the 15 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in the south was lower than the national average, and 8 provinces were below 50%. However, the southern hills and mountains are important production bases of grain, oil, sucrose, tobacco, vegetables, melons and fruits, hemp crops and so on, which play an important role in agricultural production in our country. Therefore, the mechanization of agricultural production in southern hilly and mountainous areas is not only the next "blue sea" for the development of agricultural mechanization in China, but also a strategic choice to ensure the supply of staple agricultural products such as rice, rape, sugar cane and so on.

Difficulties: "weather, geography, and people" are not occupied.

"the complex natural conditions in the hilly and mountainous areas of the south have restricted the development of agricultural mechanization." Hu Zhichao, deputy director of the Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization of the Ministry of Agriculture, said: the natural conditions in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern China are poor, the plots are small and scattered, the planting structure is complex, there are many varieties, and the intercropping of grain and cash crops is common. And the infrastructure construction is seriously backward, the field roads are narrow, rugged and uneven, and the road passability is poor. The long running time of the empty machine of agricultural machinery, the short actual working time, the fast mechanical wear, the field transfer, the increasing difficulty of cross-area operation and the poor reliability of operation all make the development of agricultural mechanization in the south "congenital deficiency".

According to statistics, the number of rural migrant workers in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern China has exceeded 52%, and there are basically no young adults under the age of 40 in rural areas, and agricultural production has become "agriculture for the elderly." Moreover, it is mainly self-employed, and the agricultural production mode of one household is backward and the efficiency is low. Coupled with the low cultural level of farmers, they lack the ability to analyze the comprehensive benefits of agricultural production. For high-end agricultural machinery with high prices, even with government subsidies, it is still difficult for them to bear.

Although some domestic manufacturers have carried out research and development and improvement on small micro machines and tools suitable for use in hilly and mountainous areas, due to low technological maturity, few varieties, low performance and quality, and so on, the types of agricultural machinery developed are not suitable or completely suitable for agricultural production in hilly and mountainous areas, resulting in a serious shortage of agricultural machinery and equipment in hilly and mountainous areas.

"at the present stage, the state's subsidy policy for purchasing machinery gives priority to high-performance, high-efficiency, complex large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, and many small agricultural machinery suitable for the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas and urgently needed for agricultural development have either reduced the amount of subsidy or been removed from the scope of subsidy." Ren Yaowu, director of the Hubei Provincial Agricultural Mechanization Technology Promotion Station, said that for example, the subsidy for micro-tillers in Hubei Province has been reduced to 800 yuan, and a large number of machines and tools needed in mountainous areas, such as electric sprayers, insecticidal lamps, and spray drip irrigation equipment, have been disqualified.

Break the situation: promote the land to carry out land renovation

Mechanization depends on the large-scale planting of land in order to produce benefits and really popularize it, so the current situation of land fragmentation management in southern hilly and mountainous areas must be changed. Shayang County, Hubei Province has waded out a feasible way to change the management of land fragmentation, which is worth using for reference.

Shayang County seizes the opportunity of land rights registration and vigorously promotes the model of "continuous farming by household". It is mainly guided by water sources, farmers' housing, farmers' largest fields, farmers' most concentrated fields, industries suitable for development, and the implementation of agriculture-related projects. This paper puts forward some methods according to different situations, such as "the contracted right of contracted land of each household remains unchanged, the continuous cultivation is realized through the circulation of management rights", "the land is redivided, the area remains the same", and the contracted land is exchanged among farmers. At present, the county has completed continuous cultivation of 853000 mu, accounting for 89.6% of the county's arable land, agricultural production costs have been reduced by about 20% to 30%, and the degree of mechanization has been greatly improved.

Only when there is a scale can the land be worth renovating and lay the foundation for mechanization. "flat farmland with a slope of less than 15 °in hilly and mountainous areas (