Solving the problem of Agricultural structural Adjustment with the idea of supply-side Reform

Last year, the Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the Central Economic work Conference made a major policy decision to promote supply-side structural reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: "the characteristics of the new normal of China's economic development are more obvious, and we must strengthen confidence, strengthen our strength, and unswervingly promote supply-side structural reform." In the "Government work report" of this year's two sessions, Premier Li Keqiang clearly pointed out: "it is necessary to speed up the removal of institutional and institutional obstacles around resolving outstanding contradictions and problems in key areas, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system through supply-side structural reform." The promotion of supply-side structural reform is related to the maintenance of medium-and high-speed growth, to the middle-to-high-end level, and to the smooth realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. The construction of modern agriculture is the foundation of building a well-off society and national modernization in an all-round way, and it is also an important part of the supply-side structural reform. Promoting the supply-side structural reform of agriculture is of great significance to optimize the economic structure, stimulate development potential, increase farmers' income and improve the comprehensive competitiveness of agriculture.

Taking the adjustment of agricultural structure as a breakthrough in agricultural supply-side reform

Promoting the supply-side structural reform of agriculture is an important measure to build modern agriculture and improve the competitiveness of China's agriculture. Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, China's agricultural supply-side construction and development have made remarkable achievements, making important contributions to modern agricultural construction and economic development. However, from the perspective of research, in some places, due to long-term historical accumulation, scarcity of agricultural resources, prominent contradiction between supply and demand structure and changes in domestic and foreign market environment and other reasons, there are some urgent problems to be solved on the agricultural supply side. Although the supply-side problems are different in different regions, they are mainly due to the increasingly obvious restriction of price ceiling and cost floor, weak ability to adapt to middle and high-end consumption, declining comparative efficiency of agriculture, low level of agricultural industrialization, low competitiveness of agriculture, serious overdraft of resources and environment, and so on.

Agricultural structure adjustment is an important task of agricultural supply-side structural reform. Comprehensive measures should be taken to solve the problems existing in the current agricultural structure, efforts should be made to improve the efficiency, efficiency and quality of agricultural production, and optimize the structure of agricultural products, regional structure, management system structure and industrial structure. Some new agricultural operators reflect that the recent adjustment of agricultural structure has brought burden and impact on supporting agricultural machinery, applied technology, facility investment, and income level to varying degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that policies and measures be formulated to promote and support agricultural structural adjustment, so as to guide and support localities to make breakthroughs in adjusting and optimizing agricultural layout and structure.

Vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural structure

Judging from the situation in some places, this round of agricultural restructuring is very different from the two rounds of adjustment in the mid-1980s and late 1990s. Those two structural adjustments mainly solved the problems of the shortage of agricultural products and the low income of farmers, and the problems of agricultural resources and ecological environment were not prominent. The problems to be solved in this agricultural structure adjustment are obviously different from those in the last two times, and it is necessary to solve the problem of agricultural structure transformation and upgrading as a whole and the whole industry chain.

Agricultural layout and structure is a large system and network of artificial and natural production and ecology that covers most of the cultivated land in our country. The new round of agricultural structural adjustment should use the five major development concepts to define the positioning and objectives, focus on transformation and upgrading, and solve outstanding major problems. Measures should be taken to formulate policies, optimize layout, adjust variety structure, improve farming system, make intensive and economical use of resources, reduce input in chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and restore the ecological environment. We will build the agricultural structure into an effective supply network for high-quality agricultural products, a security network for increasing employment income, a network for the integration of urban and rural industries, and a network for the construction of the ecological environment. In the new round of agricultural restructuring, it is necessary to prevent oneness and convergence. We should not only consolidate the production function of agricultural products, expand the function of increasing employment and income, but also create the function of ecological protection and restoration and cultivate new functions; we should not only extend the agricultural industrial chain, benefit chain and value chain, but also strengthen the agricultural ecological chain and environmental chain. adjust the agricultural structure production function, quality function optimization, income function adjustment wide, ecological function adjustment.

Proceed from reality and adjust measures to local conditions

To promote agricultural supply-side structural reform, we should proceed from regional characteristics, fully consider agricultural resources, climatic conditions, functional positioning, management habits and other factors, and promote them in accordance with local conditions. Under the premise of stabilizing grain production capacity, ensuring basic self-sufficiency of grain, absolute safety of grain rations, and increasing farmers' income, we should intensify the adjustment of agricultural structure, especially the adjustment of planting structure in major grain producing areas, so as to improve efficiency and income, restore ecology, protect resources, improve supply, and meet consumption.

First, appropriately reduce the planting area of corn. In the areas suitable for planting corn in Northeast China, corn planting should be reduced appropriately. Substantially reduce the area of corn in the "sickle bend" area of our country, including the temperature accumulation area of 456 in Heilongjiang. Relevant experts believe that Heilongjiang is the dominant producing area of strong gluten wheat in China, but it has not been developed in the past because of the lack of excellent strong gluten wheat varieties and processing leaders. At present, there are good varieties of strong gluten wheat and have the conditions for planting and development. However, in the long run, the demand for corn in China is still rigid, and the recent overstock is mainly due to price and quality problems. We should still maintain a considerable scale of corn and vigorously improve the quality of corn.

The second is to implement a reasonable planting rotation system. Some places do not adhere to a reasonable rotation system, which is one of the outstanding structural problems on the supply side of agriculture at present. The comprehensive effects of planting rotation should be brought into full play, such as adjusting structure, removing backlog, increasing benefit, protecting cultivated land, preventing diseases, improving quality and repairing ecology. The main crops in dry farming should be restored and a rotation system should be established. Relevant experts suggest that the corresponding rotation system should be established according to different accumulated temperate zones in Northeast China, and the rotation system of "high-protein edible soybean-strong gluten wheat-potato" in the mid-1990s should be restored in the "sickle bend" region. "Corn-soybean-wheat" rotation or "corn-soybean" rotation should be implemented in the corresponding agricultural areas. Formulate corresponding policies and measures to guide and support the implementation of the rotation system.

The third is to strengthen the "two transformations" of grain and other agricultural products. "two transformations", namely, the transformation of industrial processing and the transformation of animal husbandry. At present, there is a source of food and there is a lack of transformation leaders. It is urgent to speed up the cultivation and construction of the "two transformations" system and improve the transformation capacity of grain and other agricultural products in order to adjust the agricultural structure, remove the backlog, increase efficiency, and increase income. In particular, it is necessary to speed up the development of the agricultural product processing industry. To promote the construction of modern agriculture, not only agricultural production links should be modernized, but also processing links should be modernized synchronously. The lag of the modernization of processing links will inevitably lead to outstanding problems such as overstocking of agricultural products, rising costs, declining comparative benefits, lower consumption adaptability and so on. We should gradually transform raw material agriculture into processing agriculture, transform agricultural production into agricultural industry, rely on processing industry to connect agriculture, industry and commerce, and realize the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. It is necessary to give full play to the transformation function of animal husbandry and turn grain and other agricultural products into meat, milk and eggs.

Fourth, vigorously develop circular agriculture. We will promote the circular and intensive utilization of agricultural resources and input factors within the planting industry, between planting and breeding industries, and between planting and aquaculture. In some paddy field areas in the south, tripartite technologies such as paddy field planting, aquaculture and field engineering have been integrated and applied with good results. It is suggested that the ecological planting and cultivation model of "combination of planting and cultivation, double production of one place, dual use of one water and green cycle" should be vigorously developed in suitable areas.

Fifth, improve the scientific and technological content of the agricultural structure. Research and development and application of fine varieties, do a good job in farming technology innovation, and develop the production of high-quality agricultural products. Integrate the Internet, big data and other modern information technology into the agricultural supply side, and establish an effective science and technology support system.

Sixth, establish and improve the quality standard system of agricultural products. The agricultural structure and the production of agricultural products should further strengthen standard constraints and norms. The development and revision of standards should be strengthened to promote and upgrade the structure and layout of agriculture.