Urbanization urgently needs to establish the system channel of "separation of human and land".

Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued a plan to promote the settlement of 100 million non-registered people in cities. During the 13th five-year Plan period, the urbanization rate of the registered population increased by an average of more than 1% a year, with an average annual transfer of more than 13 million people. By 2020, the urbanization rate of the country's registered population will increase to 45 percent, and the gap between the urbanization rate of the registered population and the urbanization rate of the resident population in various regions will be more than 2 percentage points lower than that in 2013.

The author believes that the process of urbanization is the concentration of rural population to the city, which is accompanied by a large number of agricultural population completely getting rid of the shackles of land and leaving agricultural land to enter the city, that is, "separation of human and land". At present, what China is exploring should be the establishment of a "man-land separation" model with Chinese characteristics.

In the past three decades of reform and opening up, China has adopted an incomplete mode of "separation of man and land". Under the arrangement of urban-rural dual land system, rural residents are assigned contracted land and homestead by collective economic organizations. while a large number of agricultural transferred people go to work and live in cities, they also retain various rights to rural land. This institutional arrangement increases the "flexibility" of development and avoids social fluctuations caused by economic fluctuations. The most typical is that the 2008 world financial crisis once had a great impact on China's urban employment, a large number of migrant workers choose to return to rural areas rather than continue to gather in cities, avoiding the risk of social conflicts caused by unemployment. However, this institutional arrangement has also brought about the problem of "occupying land at both ends" in urban and rural areas. while China's rural population has declined significantly, the scale of rural construction land is still growing. in the 11 years at the beginning of the new century, the rural population has decreased by 133 million people. however, the land for rural residential areas has increased by 30.45 million mu, which is not in line with the basic national conditions of our country, which is that land resources are scarce and environmental carrying capacity is not strong. It also threatens national food security and even ecological security.

The author believes that to explore the mode of "separation of man and land", it is necessary to face up to the profound changes in the current urban-rural relationship. Farmers' attitude towards going to cities is changing from "spending money to settling in cities and towns" to "having the conditions but unwilling to settle in cities and towns". Under the background of the dual system between urban and rural areas, urbanization has brought about the rapid improvement of the value of rural assets and the further prominence of rural ecological value, coupled with the rapid improvement of various public services and welfare in rural areas. it has changed the position that cities have been in the absolute advantage of comprehensive services for a long time, and there has been a major adjustment in the advantage gap between urban and rural areas. some agricultural transfer population are unwilling to settle in cities at the cost of giving up land and other rural rights and interests. According to a questionnaire survey conducted by the National Development and Reform Commission and the all-China Federation of Trade unions, the fear of losing rights and interests such as land in rural areas is the primary factor in the current reluctance to transfer or uncertain attitude.

In fact, from the perspective of the world's major developed economies, the land value added brought about by urbanization is not evenly distributed, differential land rent is mainly concentrated in the land around big cities, and most rural land will not increase significantly. It is true that the differential land rent will exist, but it is highly concentrated in the surrounding areas of big cities. under the strict control of land development and use, it is difficult for the land value in most rural areas to increase rapidly.

Secondly, to explore the mode of "separation of man and land" with Chinese characteristics, the core is to do a good job of overall planning and coordination, to establish an institutional channel as soon as possible and to achieve "separation" over a long period of time; in terms of power, it is necessary to co-ordinate the forces of the government, the market and society, and clarify their respective division of labor and roles. In the process, it is necessary to proceed in a safe and orderly manner. The agglomeration of population to cities is a long-term historical process. In order to change the mentality of the people formed in China for thousands of years, and it will also have a great impact on the economy and society, we must have enough historical patience and never rush for success, let alone "rush into action".

Third, in terms of mechanism, it is necessary to speed up the establishment of a "man-land separation" system to provide convenience and possibility for willing people. This channel needs to be compatible with both "separation" and "non-separation" mechanisms. On the one hand, we should resolutely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers settling in cities in rural areas, speed up the work of registration and certification of rural land rights, decouple "human-land relationship" from "human-household relationship", and do not take withdrawing rural rights and interests as a prerequisite for settling in cities, what is more, we should not take withdrawal from rural rights and interests as a consequence of settling in cities, and determine them in the form of law and system as soon as possible. On the other hand, it is necessary to establish a voluntary and paid withdrawal mechanism for rural rights and interests of farmers settled in cities, including the right to the use of homestead, the right to land contract and the right to distribute collective income. Practice in some places shows that every year, about 8 to 10 per cent of farmers who settle in cities voluntarily choose to withdraw their rural rights and interests for a fee. If about 10 million of the agricultural migrant population settle in cities and towns every year, about 80 to 1 million of them are willing to withdraw, and there must be a system of "separation of people and land".

In the choice of power, we should adopt the combination of marketization and giving better play to the role of the government. The problems of land contract right and collective income distribution right in most areas can be solved by demutualization and marketization, but the withdrawal of the right to the use of homestead is more complicated, and it is necessary to promote the close cooperation between the government and the market. We also need to give full play to social, cultural and other forces. For the withdrawal of homestead, some areas have begun useful explorations and attempts, with respect for farmers' right of independent choice as the premise, the government and collective economic organizations as the media, and market-oriented withdrawal as the main form. through the effective factor trading market to form a more accurate price signal, change "assets" into "capital" and "equity", and enhance the ability of farmers to enter cities with capital and power.