Cultivating new super rice varieties to stabilize grain yield and increase efficiency

In recent years, rice breeding experts in China have successfully selected a large number of high-quality and multi-resistant super rice varieties through scientific and technological innovation, and popularized them on a large scale, which has effectively ensured the safety of grain production in our country. Longjing 31 alone has been popularized to a total of 52.485 million mu so far, which is the largest rice variety in China in the past 15 years, with a total increase of 3.58 billion kg of rice and an additional economic benefit of 10.02 billion yuan.

As we all know, compared with other rice, super rice has the characteristics of high yield, high quality, multi-resistance, wide adaptability and so on. Over the years, super rice has provided important support in ensuring national food security and solving world famine and other issues related to the basic survival of human beings. However, the contradiction between high yield, high quality and disease resistance of super rice not only restricts the development of rice industry for a long time, but also becomes the difficulty, focus and hot spot for rice breeders to overcome.

Over the years, with the support of the national rice industry technology system and industry experts, new super rice varieties in China have continuously achieved technological innovation and breakthroughs. In particular, the super rice breeding project "Integration and demonstration of High efficiency breeding techniques for Target yield of Super Rice in key regions of China", which was established in 2014, has successfully achieved the coordination of high yield, high quality and disease resistance in super rice breeding.

According to reports, the industry is jointly participated by the China Rice Institute and the Sichuan Neijiang Hybrid Rice Science and Technology Development and Research Center. In view of the contradiction between high yield, high quality and disease resistance of hybrid rice in China, rice experts creatively used the restorer lines of Yunnan plateau japonica rice at low latitudes and high elevations as sterile cytoplasmic donors through the excavation, identification and research of germplasm resources. a number of new cytoplasmic male sterile lines with outstanding target characters and excellent comprehensive characters were bred, and the new super rice varieties coordinated the contradiction between high yield, high quality and disease resistance. It has been widely used in the southern rice region of China.

At the same time, special experts in the industry also applied super hybrid rice breeding parent selection methods and early generation identification rice quality screening and evaluation techniques to cultivate a number of Neixiang series hybrid rice combinations with the organic combination of "high quality, high yield, disease resistance and wide adaptability". 37 new hybrid rice varieties were bred 48 times by national or provincial examination and approval. It is understood that the statistics of the combination data of the series of internal incense in the national and provincial regional trials from 2003 to 2014 show that the series of combinations have significantly improved compared with the control in terms of yield, quality and disease resistance. the problems of high yield and poor appearance quality, cooking and eating quality and disease resistance of rice were well solved.

A good variety should also have matching integration technology. It is understood that the new varieties bred by special achievements in this industry, through the study of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques and high-yield production and seed breeding techniques, with precision sowing, cultivation of strong seedlings, wide row and sparse planting, quantitative seedling control, precise fertilization, and comprehensive prevention and control as the core, improve fertilizer utilization and production efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, improve production efficiency, and effectively promote the transformation and application of achievements. According to statistics, by 2014, the Xiangyou series of hybrid rice varieties in the japonica type of the plateau had been extended to a total of 141 million mu, of which the self-bred varieties had been popularized more than 8300 million mu, adding 2.34 billion kg of rice, and 4.927 billion yuan in social and economic benefits. the male sterile lines bred by using this achievement have been bred into 10 combinations by 13 units (individuals), including the Rice Sorghum Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and have been approved 11 times at or above the provincial level. Reporter Wu Pei