Turning Straw waste into Treasure to skillfully treat Drug-resistant Weeds

Turning Straw waste into Treasure to skillfully treat Drug-resistant Weeds

Jiangsu explores the control techniques of drug-resistant weeds in paddy fields

Intern Wei Xiaomin, our reporter Zhang Ye

"the traditional method requires spraying twice, and this new technology can zero application of chemical herbicides during rice growth, and simultaneously solve the problems of soil fertilization and straw treatment."

A few days ago, in Nanzha Town, Huaian City, Jiangsu Province, a lush and graceful rice was growing vigorously. Fu Yousheng, an associate researcher at the Plant Protection Office of Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai area of Jiangsu Province, pointed to the demonstration field behind him and detailed to local experts the advantages of green prevention and control of drug-resistant weeds in dry direct seeding paddy fields with full wheat straw mulching and no-tillage.

At this time, the rice fields outside the demonstration zone are in the "two-kill" stage of the traditional method of "one letter, two kills and three supplements". No matter how hot the weather is, farmers must spray herbicides against the scorching sun.

Weeds are the "nightmare" of rice fields. They not only compete with rice for fertilizer, sunshine and space, and inhibit the normal growth of rice seedlings, but also act as the intermediate host and transmission medium of rice diseases and insect pests.

Fu Yousheng came up with a data: at present, the area of crops seriously damaged by weeds in China is as high as 1.23 billion mu, including 4.824 million hectares of rice in the Yangtze River basin. He said that the traditional chemical weed control technology has the advantages of fast, efficient and labor-saving, and is the key measure to control weeds in paddy field at present.

Before the emergence of rice seedlings after sowing, the soil should be closed by spraying first, and the corresponding stem and leaf treatment agents should be selected for the second treatment at the weed 2Mel 3-leaf stage. After that, the weeds still missing the net should be treated for the third time, which is the so-called "one letter, two kills and three supplements". "these traditional methods not only pollute the environment, but also increase the cost of growing rice," Fu said. "

"with the expansion of the area of chemical weeding and the rapid development of chemical weeding, the drug resistance of weeds increased gradually, and the drug resistance showed an outbreak." Li Yongfeng, a researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said: "the spread and expansion of the population of drug-resistant weeds not only directly affects the yield and quality of crops, but also indirectly spreads important crop diseases and insect pests, threatens the safe production of rice and pollutes the ecological environment."

Relevant experts told reporters that in the past 20 years, pesticide companies around the world have not successfully commercialized and developed a new variety of herbicides, lacking new varieties of herbicides that can effectively control resistant weeds. Therefore, the establishment of weed resistance monitoring and comprehensive management technical system can reduce the harm of resistant weeds in paddy field. Since 2013, supported by the public welfare (agricultural) industry scientific research project "Weed Resistance Monitoring and Management Technology Research and demonstration", the Plant Protection Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Plant Protection Room of Huaiyin Agricultural Science Institute and the family farm began to explore the management techniques of drug-resistant weeds in paddy fields in Nanzha Town, Huaian City.

"We have put forward a set of green treatment plans, first of all, appropriately increase the sowing rate and sow the seeds manually two days before the wheat harvest; then use a crawler harvester to harvest wheat to ensure that the straw is evenly covered, and then spray herbicide to kill stubble on the first day after harvest; on the third day after stubble, the border surface is completely soaked and then dries naturally." Li Yongfeng said.

How can this technique only control weeds without harming rice? The reason is that in the process of stubble destruction, the residual weeds in the wheat field and some early growing barnyardgrasses have been wiped out, coupled with no-tillage technology, so that the bottom weed seeds will not be ploughed into the shallow soil, so that the distribution of weed seeds in the shallow surface layer of rice growth is reduced, and the weed seeds distributed in the lower layer are also in a state of "inhibition" and "dormancy", even the most resistant weeds. Due to the limitations of light and space, it is difficult to grow well. Rice germinates three or four days after absorbing water, completely suppresses weeds, and finally wins.

"normally, there is no problem with a yield of more than 700 kilograms per mu," Fu Yousheng told the Science and Technology Daily. "to reduce the use and abuse of pesticides and let ordinary people get rid of weeds at the lowest cost is our ultimate goal."