Give Agriculture Scientific Wings

"I didn't expect to increase production by so much! Saving fertilizer and medicine and increasing production, there is still great potential for growing grain through science and technology. " In the three summers, the big grain growers have complained about the joy of the harvest. During the Twelfth five-year Plan period, the construction of modern agriculture in China has been accelerated, and agricultural science and technology has played an important role. The improved varieties of major crops, especially grain crops, have basically achieved full coverage, the grain yield per mu has increased to 359 kg, the comprehensive mechanization level of cultivation and harvest of major crops has exceeded 61%, and the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress has reached 56%, which has become the decisive force in the development of modern agriculture. China's achievements in agricultural science and technology have attracted worldwide attention, and the overall R & D level occupies a leading position in developing countries and gradually narrowing the gap between China and developed countries, which has made outstanding contributions to the steady growth of China's agriculture, restructuring, promoting reform and benefiting the people's livelihood.

Changing the mode of agricultural development depends fundamentally on the progress of science and technology. High-point climbing and high-level plate protection require high-yield and efficient scientific and technological contributions, while strong and lasting scientific and technological power is needed to break through technological bottlenecks and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In recent years, through fruitful and unremitting efforts, the wings of agricultural science and technology have become thicker and stronger, and the engine of agricultural science and technology has become more and more powerful and effective.

Based on the industrial demand, vigorously promote the independent innovation of agricultural science and technology

Some people say that agricultural research should not only look up at the starry sky, but also keep its feet on the ground. In order to "stand upright", we should not only focus on the long term and seize the commanding heights of agricultural science and technology, but also be based on the present, adhere to demand orientation, and avoid the "two skins" of science and technology economy. Aiming at this goal, China has made a large number of major scientific research achievements with independent intellectual property rights, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of the service industry and the promotion of international competitiveness.

Relying on the technological system of modern agricultural industry, the key laboratory system of the Ministry of Agriculture and major scientific research plans, we have vigorously promoted independent innovation and achieved fruitful results. First, major breakthroughs have been made in key technologies, supporting the stable development of agriculture. A large number of excellent agricultural varieties have been cultivated and a large number of supporting production technologies have been integrated. In 2015, the per unit yield of corn, rice and wheat increased by 48 jin, 34 jin and 66 jin respectively compared with 2010. The new super rice variety "Y Liangyou 900" achieved a yield of 1026.7 kg per mu and achieved the goal of the fourth stage of super rice ahead of schedule. It has conquered the technologies of peanut and maize wide intercropping and high efficient intercropping of corn and soybean, and explored a new way to solve the problem of coordinated development of grain and oil in our country. A number of animal disease vaccines such as avian influenza and porcine blue-ear disease have been developed to ensure the safety of the animal husbandry industry. Second, major achievements in basic research and high technology continue to emerge, strengthening the supply of sources of innovation. Rice plant type development, maize genetic biology and other basic research lead the international counterparts. Agricultural biotechnology represented by transgenic has made major breakthroughs and formed a number of original achievements, such as new varieties of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant corn, insect-resistant rice and so on. Third, international cooperation in agricultural science and technology has reached a new level and enhanced its international status and influence. Introduced 30,000 germplasm resources and more than 300 forward-looking technologies and advanced applicable technologies. Substantial progress has been made in the "going out" of agricultural science and technology. Research centers such as the Sino-Kazakh Agricultural Science Joint Laboratory have been built. New varieties and new technologies such as rice and bird flu vaccines have been popularized and applied in Asia and Africa and achieved good results. The Asia-Pacific Center of the International Potato Center has been established in China.

Focus on market demand and speed up the transformation and popularization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements

The newly revised Law on Agricultural Technology Popularization and the Law on promoting the Transformation of Scientific and technological achievements have been implemented, and the ability to transform and apply achievements and provide services for technological popularization has been gradually enhanced. First, pilot projects have been carried out to reform the rights and interests of scientific research achievements in the seed industry, which has enhanced the vitality and efficiency of innovation. In conjunction with the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance, the pilot project for the reform of the rights and interests of scientific research achievements in the seed industry has been carried out in four units, including the Institute of Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The project has established a source innovation mechanism aimed at the market, a target guidance mechanism for the achievement service industry, and a resource agglomeration mechanism with enterprises as the main body, which has stimulated the vitality of innovation, accelerated the transformation of achievements, mobilized the innovation enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel, and promoted the cooperation between science and enterprises and the flow of talents.

Second, the construction of a service center for the transfer of agricultural scientific and technological achievements has accelerated the transformation and application of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. Focus on the collection and confirmation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, evaluation and evaluation, transfer transactions, mass creation services, etc., 64 transactions were realized in 2015, with a total amount of 60.91 million yuan. The third is to carry out scientific and technological support actions around major food crops to enhance the ability to ensure food supply. The "double increase 100" science and technology action of super rice and the "double increase two hundred" science and technology action of northeast corn have been implemented. In 2015, the demonstration and extension area of super rice was 132 million mu, with an average yield of 583.5 kg per mu, achieving the goal of increasing 100 jin per mu and 100 yuan in income. Nearly 100 million mu of corn in Northeast China has achieved the goal of increasing yield and increasing efficiency, and the high yield of more than 1200 kg per mu has been achieved in some areas. Fourth, strengthen the reform and construction of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system, and improve the efficiency of agricultural technology extension services. Every year, the central government invests 2.6 billion yuan to support more than 2500 agricultural counties to carry out agricultural technology extension services, driving local financial investment of more than 10 billion yuan. The vast majority of extension institutions across the country have achieved full funding, and personnel wages have been included in the financial budget. The central government has invested 5.8 billion yuan to improve the working conditions of township agricultural technology extension institutions. More than 90% of agricultural technology extension institutions across the country have established systems for personnel employment and work evaluation. At present, township agricultural technology extension institutions have become the leading role of technology extension, agricultural research colleges, farmers' cooperatives, agriculture-related enterprises have become an important force of agricultural technology extension, a main multi-extension structure has been basically formed.

Persisting in joint cooperation and tackling key problems in agricultural scientific research presents a new pattern

During the autumn harvest in 2014, the super rice, led by Academician Yuan Longping, achieved a yield of more than 1,000 kilograms per mu. Behind the glory and dream of super rice, many academicians and experts have made painstaking efforts to jointly fight in five major rice regions and six major cooperation groups. The successful practice of super rice has once again proved that organizing and jointly tackling key problems is an important way to break through major agricultural key technologies, and an important guarantee to improve the efficiency of agricultural scientific and technological innovation and achieve major breakthroughs in agricultural science and technology.

In recent years, the organization and implementation of major science and technology projects of the Ministry of Agriculture has broken the boundaries of departments, regions, units and disciplines, effectively agglomerated the advantages of all parties, and formed a strong joint force. With the modern agricultural industrial technology system as the carrier, we will promote in-depth cooperation in agricultural science, education, industry, learning and research, and form a new pattern of joint cooperation of experts from different regions and disciplines in the industrial technology fields of 50 agricultural products, such as rice and live pigs. With the scientific research projects of public welfare industries (agriculture) as the platform, 224 major scientific and technological projects have been launched and implemented, with the participation of more than 660 agricultural scientific research institutions, scientific and technological enterprises, colleges and universities and other innovative institutions from 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country. nearly 10,000 scientific and technological personnel across the country have been involved, realizing cross-departmental, cross-disciplinary and cross-regional cooperation. Relying on the key laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture, 11 "vertical disciplines" with variety innovation as the main line were constructed, and the innovations of rice, wheat, soybean and cotton were promoted in a down-to-earth manner. The construction of 19 "horizontal disciplines" with common technological innovation as the main line, genomics, comprehensive management of crop pests, animal diseases and other innovations have been carried out in an all-round way, forming a crisscross network of agricultural scientific and technological innovation, covering all agricultural producing areas, superior agricultural industries, major agricultural disciplines and dominant units.