Agricultural disaster Prevention: a New aspect of Grain High-yield Project

From late May to early June, when wheat entered the filling stage, continuous rainy days caused blackening of wheat ear, poor filling of grain germination and filling, decrease of grain weight and so on in many places. However, in the demonstration area and promotion area of the national grain high-yield science and technology project in Jiangsu, the wheat planted by farmers and big grain growers is still full of grains.

Zhu Xinkai, doctoral supervisor of the Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, told reporters that also in the face of natural disasters, whether to stress scientific planting and whether to attach importance to scientific response, the degree of loss caused by natural disasters is different.

"according to the late planting of wheat, especially the continuous bad rainy weather, our expert service team has visited demonstration areas and extension areas in southern, central and northern Jiangsu since March, issuing early warnings and repeatedly telling farmers and major grain growers to spray trace elements or liquid fertilizer on time to prevent high temperature ripening and promote the increase of grain weight." Zhu Xinkai said.

Jiangsu Province has planted more than 32 million mu of wheat, and some farmers and major grain growers under the guidance of agricultural technicians have done so in accordance with the tips of experts, and basically there has been no loss. On the other hand, for the retail grain growers with a wide range of areas, due to the lack of scientific response methods, problems occurred after the high temperature appeared early in May. The decline in wheat quality and production directly affected the wheat purchase price. This year, the purchase price of wheat in some places in Jiangsu is less than 50 cents, which is much lower than the basic national grain protection price, and some grain stations still refuse to accept it.

Yaojia Village, Diaoyu Town, Xinghua City, is the site of the national grain high-yield science and technology project promoted by Jiangsu Province, and is one of the demonstration areas of rice seedling precision machine-inserted super-high-yield cultivation implemented jointly by Yangzhou University and Xinghua Agricultural Technology extension Center. On the same land here, the double cropping of rice and wheat has achieved a stable super-high yield of more than 800 kg per mu for 10 consecutive years, and has steadily achieved a record of super high yield of over 900 kg per mu for 4 consecutive years. Last year, the highest field yield in this area reached 1017.7 kg per mu, setting a record for the highest rice yield in the double cropping area of rice and wheat in China.

Zhang Hongcheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and deputy head of the rice expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture, believes that the key to achieving super high yield in Yaojiacun lies in the most direct support provided by high-yield varieties and advanced agricultural technology. at the same time, in view of the possible adverse climate, we have made effective plans in advance to ensure the growth and harvest of rice.

Zhang Hongcheng told the reporter that during the implementation of the National Grain High yield Science and Technology Project during the 12th five-year Plan, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu crop cultivation Technology guidance Station, Jiangsu Agricultural Machinery Technology extension Station, Changzhou Yameike Machinery and equipment Co., Ltd., in view of the major technical problems of low productivity and difficult high yield of the original rice tray blanket seedling machine, adopt the method of integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. Through the special study on the key techniques such as the improvement of rice machinery and seedling tray under different rice regions and various rice cropping systems and tackling the key problems of super-high-yield cultivation, the production advantages, growth and development characteristics and (super) high-yield formation law of rice bowl-seedling machine transplanting were systematically expounded, and the accurate high-yield cultivation technique system of rice bowl-seedling was established.

But not all farmland is as happy as the areas covered by the national grain high-yield science and technology project. In an interview with relevant experts, the reporter found that the construction of water conservancy projects in some major grain producing areas was not in place, grain ditches and canals were not smooth, and Rain Water could not be discharged in the event of continuous overcast and rainy weather, soaking ripe wheat, rice, and other grain crops in water. Due to the "fragmentation" of agricultural production, the collective grain drying farms and warehouses in the past have basically disappeared. Wheat and rice snatched by scattered grain farmers after rain have no place to dry, lack of drying equipment, and have no place to pile them up. To a great extent, it affects the harvest and quality of grain, causing secondary disasters.

Experts pointed out that governments at all levels should take measures to enhance farmers' awareness of scientific farming, increase the popularization of new agricultural technologies and methods, and take effective measures as soon as possible, so as to fundamentally solve the problem of lack of scientific and technological personnel, technology, and supporting facilities in the agricultural frontline, as well as the problem of "fragmentation" restricting agricultural production.

"in particular, agricultural water conservancy facilities should speed up to keep up, speed up the transfer of scattered grain fields, vigorously develop family grain production farms, turn scattered farmland into large chunks of farmland suitable for commercial cultivation, and carry out joint planting, joint management, and joint venture. We should fundamentally solve the bottleneck restricting grain production, protect the interests of farmers in many ways, mobilize the enthusiasm of large grain growers, and promote the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers to a higher level." Zhang Hongcheng said.