Agricultural Science and Technology to protect Food Security

Brilliant science and technology during the 12th five-year Plan

During the 12th five-year Plan period, science and technology made an important contribution to the transformation of the mode of agricultural development.

The contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress has been maintained at an annual growth rate of nearly 1 percentage point, and the improved varieties of major crops have basically achieved full coverage. The average per mu yield of grain crops increased from 331.7 kg per mu in 2010 to 365.5 kg in 2015, the coverage rate of improved breeds of dairy cows increased to about 60%, and the proportion of improved breeds and localization of livestock and poultry varieties increased year by year. The contribution rate of improved varieties to agricultural production has reached more than 43 per cent, and the comprehensive mechanization level of farming and harvest of major crops has increased from 52.3 per cent in 2010 to 63 per cent in 2015.

Since the 12th five-year Plan, China's agricultural science and technology has entered a new stage of "three runs side by side". The land output rate, resource utilization rate and labor productivity have increased significantly, providing a strong scientific and technological support for the "twelve consecutive increases" of grain production and ensuring national food security. Mass entrepreneurship and innovation have sprung up vigorously, and the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries has been further promoted. Technological advances in the fields of biological breeding, agricultural machinery and equipment, intelligent agriculture and ecological environmental protection have made important contributions to accelerating the transformation of the mode of agricultural development.

A set of data can confirm this change: the contribution rate of China's agricultural scientific and technological progress increased from 52% in 2010 to more than 56% in 2015, and the contribution rate of forestry scientific and technological progress increased from 43% to 48%, basically maintaining an annual growth rate of nearly 1 percentage point. The improved varieties of major crops have basically achieved full coverage. the average per mu yield of grain crops has increased from 331.7 kg per mu in 2010 to 365.5 kg in 2015. The coverage rate of improved breeds of dairy cows has increased to about 60%. The proportion of improved breeds and localization of livestock and poultry has increased year by year, and the contribution rate of improved varieties to agricultural production has reached more than 43%. The comprehensive mechanization level of major crops in the country increased from 52.3% in 2010 to 63% in 2015.

The ability of independent innovation of agricultural science and technology is increasing day by day.

In 2014, the yield per mu of the two-line hybrid "Y Liangyou 900" reached 1026.70 kg per mu, achieving the goal of the fourth phase of super hybrid rice with a yield of more than 1000 kg per mu for the first time, setting another record for a large area per unit yield of hybrid rice in the world.

Over the years, Chinese scientists represented by Yuan Longping have made remarkable achievements in the utilization of heterosis in major crops such as rice, corn, rape and so on. They broke through the technical bottleneck of the narrow genetic basis of traditional crop heterosis and created a number of strong heterosis hybrids of rice, cotton, corn, rape, soybeans and wheat with independent intellectual property rights and breakthroughs. The yield increase is as high as 30% and the resistance is excellent, which makes the overall technical level of crop strong heterosis hybrid breeding in China leading the world.

The achievement of breeding is only a microcosm of the enhancement of the independent innovation ability of agricultural science and technology in our country.

Since the 12th five-year Plan, through the organization and implementation of key scientific and technological projects such as "973", "863" and scientific and technological support, China's main indicators of scientific and technological innovation have ranked among the forefront of the world, and the number of international scientific and technological papers has steadily ranked second for many years. Agricultural disciplines have been cited from the eighth to the second place, a total of 175 agricultural scientific and technological achievements have won national awards, and a number of major achievements have reached the world's advanced level.

Rice functional genome continues to maintain an omni-directional international leading academic position; great progress has been made in the field of animal and plant bioreactors; large-scale ultra-high pressure food processing technology has broken the monopoly of foreign technology and equipment; major breakthroughs have been made in integrated prevention and control of pine wood nematodes, major forest diseases and insect pests. The technology of 200 horsepower tractors has obtained independent intellectual property rights and entered the stage of industrialization, and the independent research and development capability of core technology of 400 horsepower heavy tractors has been developed for the first time.

The scientific and technological project of high grain yield has achieved remarkable efficiency.

In 2015, Anhui Province put forward some active defense measures, such as selecting stress-resistant and heat-resistant varieties, optimizing the planting sequence to avoid high temperature stress at flowering stage, adopting water and fertilizer regulation, spraying foliar fertilizer, and "indica to japonica" when high temperature early warning occurred or sudden high temperature damage occurred. It has a good effect on resisting the high temperature damage of rice. In view of the severe drought in summer corn production, Hebei Province has popularized and applied techniques such as sequential irrigation in the critical period, synchronization of water and fertilizer in the big trumpet mouth period, and fertilization at the flowering and grain stage, ensuring a sustained increase in summer corn production in the project area, with a yield of more than 850kg per mu, with a maximum of 874.37 kg. All these benefit from the scientific and technological project of high grain yield.

During the 12th five-year Plan period, through the implementation of the grain high-yield science and technology project, China has carried out integrated innovation and demonstration application of grain high-yield technology in 13 major grain-producing provinces in the Northeast, North China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and increased grain production by more than 56 million tons over the past five years and increased benefits by more than 100 billion yuan. A total of 125 sets of high-yield technical systems for the three major crops (wheat, corn and rice) with regional characteristics have been assembled in 13 provinces of the project. through large-scale application, the comprehensive production capacity of the three major crops has been significantly increased, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer and irrigation water has been increased by more than 10%. The amount of pesticides is reduced by about 25%, saving cost and increasing efficiency by about 110 yuan per mu.

The demonstration and transformation of technological achievements has been accelerated continuously.

During the 12th five-year Plan period, China's agricultural science and technology adhered to the basic requirements of equal emphasis on increasing production and efficiency, the matching of improved varieties and methods, the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and the coordination of production and ecology, and accelerated the integrated demonstration, transformation and application of advanced and applicable technological achievements. take the agricultural modernization road of high output, product safety, resource saving and environment-friendly.

For example, from 2013 to 2015, the Bohai granary science and technology demonstration project has carried out demonstration zone construction and technology integration demonstration in more than 70 counties and districts in Hebei, Shandong, Tianjin and Liaoning provinces and cities. A total of 42 core areas have been established, covering an area of 141000 mu, with an area of 1.462 million mu, a radiation area of 15.966 million mu, a total grain increase of 3.36 billion jin and a benefit of 2.463 billion yuan. The Ministry of Science and Technology has also deployed the research and demonstration of water-saving agricultural technology and equipment in arid and semi-arid areas, formed a comprehensive water-saving technology system in arid and semi-arid areas, reduced soil and water loss in arid and sloping land by 70%, and implemented key agricultural equipment special projects. the whole-process mechanized production technology system of major crops was constructed, and the demonstration of agricultural intelligent production and information service technology was carried out. The national food safety innovation project has been launched, the national food safety science and technology model base has been built, and efforts have been made to build an information, accurate and traceable food safety system of the whole industrial chain from field to table, from food to health. Pilot construction of national rural information demonstration provinces in 13 provinces and cities, including Shandong, Hunan and Anhui, has been carried out to achieve "moving up the platform, extending services and winning the world" of agricultural and rural information services.