Huang-Huai-Hai soybean realizes the integration of green technology for increasing production and increasing efficiency.

On September 21, at the "demonstration meeting on the Technical Model of Green production and efficiency of Soybean", good news came from the demonstration field in Hanqiao District, Suzhou City, Anhui Province: after preliminary yield measurement by experts, the maximum yield of soybean per mu in the demonstration field was as high as 247.51 kg, with an average yield of 195.27 kg. Compared with the ordinary field, the yield per mu increased by 11%, setting a typical example of high soybean yield under local large-scale production conditions. This is also a new achievement of the project "Green Technical Model for increasing production and increasing efficiency of Soybean" led by the Institute of crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Soybean is the most important high-protein food crop in China, and the sown area of high-protein and high-quality edible soybean in the Huang-Huai-Hai basin accounts for about 1 of the total area of the country. Anhui, located in the south of Huang-Huai-Hai, is a concentrated producing area of high-protein soybeans. Most local farmers sow soybeans after winter wheat harvest, but the high stubble left after wheat harvest seriously affects the sowing quality of soybeans. For a long time, how to deal with wheat straw effectively and ensure the sowing quality of soybean has become a difficult problem. Under this background, the Institute of Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, together with relevant scientific research units, through many years of efforts and cooperation, successfully developed a set of Huang-Huai-Hai soybean green yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing technology integration model, which can not only solve the difficult problem of straw treatment, but also create a new way to increase soybean production and income.

According to Han Tianfu, chief scientist of the project and a researcher at the Institute of Scientific Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, this technical model takes the cultivation technology of summer soybean straw mulching for wheat stubble as the core, gathers eight key technologies, and develops a no-tillage straw mulching precision seeder, which forms an organic combination of agricultural machinery, agronomy and supporting varieties, highly light and simplified precision sowing technology system of no-tillage and straw mulching of wheat stubble.

The Huaihe seed Industry and Grain Industry Association in Hanqiao District, Suzhou City, has 1200 mu of land to become a project demonstration field this year. General Manager Li Yong told the reporter that it would cost 25 yuan per mu of land to recycle wheat stubble straw every year, plus the expenses of sowing soybeans, fertilizing and fertilizing, and so on. It will cost at least 60 yuan. Now, only one machine can complete many tasks such as straw crushing and covering, sowing and pesticide application of soybeans at a time, and the cost is only 20 yuan. "according to today's yield measurement results, compared with planting corn before, we can save cost and increase income by at least 183 yuan per mu of land, and the benefit is very good." Li Yong said with emotion, "the integration technology can be realized by one machine, which saves labor, time and effort. Next year, we will take more land to grow soybeans."

It is worth mentioning that, compared with other technologies, the biggest breakthrough of the integration mode is to find a new way for the scientific utilization of straw. "according to the technical requirements, planting soybeans with wheat straw mulch can well store water and preserve soil moisture; after soybean harvest, plant the next season of wheat, at this time the wheat straw is mature, turning into the land can become organic fertilizer. Make the 'quilt' of soybeans in the current season, fertilize the wheat next season, and rotate the wheat and beans, so that the straw can be turned into a treasure. " Wu Cunxiang, an expert in the project team and a researcher at the Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, explained.

Li Jiayang, vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, also fully affirmed the integrated model of green soybean production and efficiency. He believes that the construction and popularization of the technical model of no-tillage and straw-covered precision sowing of Huang-Huai-Hai soybean will greatly improve the production level and planting efficiency of soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai area, increase the enthusiasm of farmers in planting soybean, and gradually restore the double cropping system of wheat and soybean. to achieve a balanced increase in grain and soybean production is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's modern agriculture and soybean industry. He said that in the future, the green model of increasing production and efficiency of soybean needs to continue to strengthen technological integration and innovation, form more replicable and popularable comprehensive technological models, and lead the development of the soybean industry.

It is reported that in 2013, the green yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing integrated technology of soybean has been tested and demonstrated in Xinxiang and other places in Henan Province. the data show that the actual yield of soybean per mu in Xinxiang demonstration field in that year was 311.2 kg, setting a typical example of saving cost and high yield of summer soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai region. In the future, this integrated technology will be popularized and applied in a large area in Huang-Huai-Hai region.