Eight new techniques for high yield and high efficiency of grain and oil rotation

The Oil crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences integrated with relevant units to create a green high-yield and high-efficiency technology model for rape-corn rotation, and carried out large-scale, mechanization, light simplification, integration and industrialization demonstration application in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, in order to achieve the goal of both grain and oil and agricultural sustainable development.

According to experts, the stubble of rape is earlier than that of wheat, which is beneficial to the early sowing of corn. In addition, planting rape can increase the content of organic matter in the soil, and the per unit yield of corn is about 10% higher than that of wheat stubble. At the same time, planting rape can effectively control water consumption, reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and improve soil fertility by returning all straw to the field and rapid decomposition. Rape straw decomposes faster than wheat, and the nutrient release rate of available nitrogen and phosphorus from rape straw is more than 10% higher than that of wheat. The total nitrogen loss, total phosphorus and soluble potassium loss of rape-maize rotation were the lowest in different maize rotation patterns. Rape root system has the characteristics of activating and utilizing insoluble phosphorus in soil, and the amount of phosphorus absorbed by crops is higher. Rape and corn straw returning and decomposition technology can significantly increase soil organic matter, the remaining nutrient resources of crops can be fully utilized, and the unique glucosinolates of rape can effectively reduce diseases and insect pests and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

According to the above advantages, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences specially launched a new model of rape-corn annual green high-yield and high-efficiency technology, and now introduces 8 specific core technologies.

? Crop rotation technology of grain and oil

The core technology adopts rape-rice and rape-corn planting mode in areas not suitable for wheat planting, rape-rice and rape-corn planting mode every 1 ~ 3 years in rape and wheat planting areas, mechanized return of straw to field, soil testing and formula fertilization, application of rape (rice, corn) slow-release special formula fertilizer, and selection of suitable varieties.

The application effect of rape rotation has been adopted continuously for five years, the content of soil organic matter has increased by 0.2%, the per unit yield of rice or corn has increased by 5% to 8%, the fertilizer has been saved by about 10%, the nutrient utilization efficiency has been increased by about 8%, and the annual economic benefit has been increased by 2030 yuan per mu.

Technical support units: Huazhong Agricultural University, Hunan Agricultural University and Oil Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

? Mechanized rape Variety "Zhongshuang 11"

The rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting are one of the keys to establish the whole mechanized and efficient production mode of rapeseed, and it is very important to promote the process of rapeseed mechanization in China. The mechanized harvesting of new rape varieties should not only be based on the original high yield, double low and high oil, but also have suitable mechanized harvesting characters such as crack angle resistance, close planting resistance and lodging resistance, and the resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum should reach the level of resistance.

The core technology mechanized variety "Zhongshuang 11" has the advantages of moderate growth period, high yield, high resistance (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, virus disease), high oil (average oil content 49.04%), double low, moderate plant height and strong lodging resistance. it is resistant to close planting, crack angle and maturity.

The application results show that the oil yield is increased by 6%, the oil yield is increased by 5.3 kg per mu, and the income is increased by 53 yuan per mu, which is suitable for mechanized harvest.

Technical support unit, Institute of Oil crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

? A New Maize Variety "Zhongdan 808" with High yield and High Resistance to Mechanization

Technical overview of corn in the oil-wheat ecotone in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China is developing rapidly and its area is expanding continuously. As a new maize producing area, it is urgent to screen and identify new hybrid maize varieties with high yield, high resistance, heat resistance and suitable for mechanical harvest, so as to solve the bottleneck problem of maize variety matching in rape rotation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Zhongdan 808, a new core technology maize variety, is a new high-yield hybrid maize variety selected by the Institute of crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and is the leading variety of the Ministry of Agriculture from 2008 to 2014. The yield of this variety reached 571.3 to 680.6 kg per mu in each region, and reached 1338 kg per mu in Yili in 2010. This variety is resistant to leaf spot, leaf spot, corn borer and stem rot.

Technical support unit, Institute of crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Mechanized production technology of rapeseed with high yield and high efficiency

The general technical situation is aimed at the problems of multi-year cropping ("oil-rice" double cropping or "oil-rice-rice" triple cropping) in the main producing areas of rape in southern China, which is tight before and after stubble, labor-consuming and time-consuming manual harvesting, so as to reduce labor and save harvest time. Cost efficient.

The core technology uses the sun-cutting machine to cut the sun and pick up the threshing machine for mechanical sectional harvesting, the working efficiency can reach 60 mu / day, the yield per mu can reach 150,000,250 kg, and the machine loss rate is less than 8%. When the combine harvester is used for combined harvest, the operation efficiency can reach 50 mu / day. After deducting the threshing loss of rapeseed from the combined harvest, the comprehensive benefit is better than the traditional manual harvest.

Compared with the traditional manual harvesting, the mechanical harvesting saves time and labor, and saves more than 40 yuan / mu in labor cost.

Technical support units: Institute of Oil crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Huazhong Agricultural University.

? High yield and High efficiency production Technology of Maize in the whole process of Mechanization

Technical overview of large-scale, standardization and mechanization is the only way for modern corn production in China. Intensive planting and whole-process mechanization are important ways for high yield and high efficiency of maize, focusing on the key technologies such as reasonable close planting, precision sowing, mechanical fertilization, mechanical spraying, straw returning to the field, mechanical harvesting and so on. the high-yield and high-efficiency production technology of corn was formed on the basis of many years' experiment and demonstration.

Core technology 1. Select varieties that are density-resistant, lodging-resistant and suitable for mechanical harvesting. two。 Densified planting. 3. Mechanical precision sowing is used. 4. Mechanical fertilization. 5. Chemical control and anti-collapse. 6. Timely late harvest and mechanical harvest. 7. Straw returning to the field and standardized production.

The application effect was selected as the national main promotion technology by the Ministry of Agriculture from 2013 to 2015, realizing "double increase of 200 yuan" (increasing production by 100jin and increasing efficiency by 100 yuan), and set national small area and large area high yield records for many times in a row, among which, in 2014, the 71 regiment of the Construction Corps had a national large area high yield record of 1227 kg per mu, with an income increase of 1607 yuan per mu.

Technical support unit, Institute of crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

? Technology of reducing fertilizer application and high efficiency utilization

In view of the problems of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, insufficient potassium and trace elements, low fertilizer utilization efficiency, high labor cost of multiple fertilization, and not considering the return of straw nutrients and annual sustainable utilization of nutrients in rape-corn rotation system, according to the annual soil nutrient supply and crop demand law of rotation system, rape fertilizer products were developed to reduce weight and increase efficiency.