Li Huaiyu of Shenyang Agricultural University: the Story of cultivating and popularizing Hanfu Apple

Fu Changxiang is a farmer in Xinnong Village, Xinmin City, Liaoning Province. Fourteen years ago, the whole family lived on 6 mu of thin land. In 2002, Li Huaiyu, a female teacher of Shenyang Agricultural University, came to the village to give a lecture. Fu Changxiang accepted teacher Li's suggestion and planted 6 mu of land with cold and rich apples. Five years later, when it entered the high-yield period, apples on 6 mu of land sold 90,000 yuan, equivalent to 15 times the harvest of previously planted corn.

At noon on September 8 this year, when I heard that Mr. Li was coming, Fu Changxiang hurried to the village department. "No, this Mr. Li is a man?" Just in doubt, the deputy head of Xinnong Village, Men Yutao, told him, "teacher Li Huaiyu died three years ago. This teacher Li is her husband Li Jiafu."

Fu Changxiang was sad and silent for a long time. "Mr. Li is nice and patient." "at first she taught us in the classroom and saw that we didn't understand, so she simply led us to the ground to speak," he said. "

It has been concluded that apple trees in areas with an average temperature below minus 12 ℃ in January cannot survive the winter, so places such as Shenyang, Tieling and Fushun do not produce big apples.

There is a person who doesn't believe in evil and has been thinking about cultivating apples that are "not afraid of freezing." this person is Li Huaiyu, who graduated from the horticulture department of Shenyang Agricultural University.

From 1959 to 1979, it took Li Huaiyu 20 years to complete the first round of cold-resistant breeding experiment and cultivate the first new cold-resistant apple variety "Shenxiang". "Shen Xiang" tastes good and is not afraid of cold, but it is not resistant to storage, and the income of farmers is affected. After 1979, Li Huaiyu went through many years to cultivate the second generation of cold-resistant apples-Hanfu apples.

"Dongguang" apples are cold-resistant, storable and high-yielding from Poland, but the deadliest disadvantage is acid. The industry believes that the sour taste of "Dongguang" is restricted by homogenous dominant genes, and acid is inborn, so no one has ever used it as a parent. Through a large number of studies, Li Huaiyu has proved that the acid of "Dongguang" is not homogenous dominant inheritance, but a heterozygous genotype controlled by a single factor. Once it is "married to the right husband", it can produce sweet apples.

Li Huaiyu chose the "ideal husband" for Dongguang is the "Fuji" from Japan. Fuji is delicate and juicy, but not hardy. After matching with Dongguang, Hanfu not only inherits Dongguang's big and anti-freezing characteristics, but also inherits Fuji's gorgeous appearance, sweet and crisp and delicious.

Hanfu is a "baby" carefully cultivated by Li Huaiyu, but there is still a long way to go before this "baby" can be accepted by farmers. In 1987, Li Huaiyu came across a farmer driving a carriage on campus. His name is Liu Tao, from Shenjingzi Town, Dongling District, Shenyang City. Having just graduated from junior high school, he heard that Shenyang Agricultural University had saplings for sale and wanted to try his luck. Li Huaiyu invited him to attend classes for free, and also used his family's contracted land as a development and promotion experimental base.

The "Hanfu" fruit trees in the experimental base blossomed in 2 years and set fruit in 3 years. In the fifth year, the yield per mu reached 10,000 jin and the income per mu exceeded 10,000 yuan. In less than 10 years, Liu Tao's family built a big house and bought a car, and was elected president of the Hanfu Apple Association. He hung a sign on the minivan: "Hanfu Apple Technical Service car" and went everywhere to promote Hanfu apple cultivation techniques for free.

In 2002, Liu Tao and Li Huaiyu came to Xinnongcun Township of Xinmin City and taught the first lesson of Hanfu apple cultivation in Xinjia Village. Now, 32000 mu of Hanfu apples are planted in Xinnong village. Men Yutao told reporters that in the township alone, the per capita income reached 10500 yuan. There are more than 400 villagers in Shantun Village, all of whom have made a fortune because of growing apples, all of which have moved into the buildings built collectively in the village. The villagers were grateful for Li Huaiyu's kindness and specially named the village square "Huaiyu Square".

Last year, Shenyang adopted the "three-year Plan", which planned to develop 150000 mu of Hanfu apples within three years, making Shenyang the first city of Hanfu apples in China.

"the success of Hanfu apple research and promotion is the inheritance of the spirit of invigorating agriculture through science and education in Shenyang Agricultural University." Liu Guanglin, president of Shenyang Agricultural University, said that from cultivating cold-resistant varieties, to tackling key problems in high-yield technology, and then to the formation of industries, three generations of Shen Nong people have struggled for 40 years.

As early as 1956, in the scientific research project formulated by Shenyang Agricultural University, there was "selection of cold-resistant apple varieties". The moderator was Professor Tan Qimeng, who edited the national fruit and vegetable variety selection textbook for agricultural colleges and universities, which has been used in agricultural colleges for several decades. In the mid-1980s, after Shenyang Agricultural University resumed running a school, Jing Shixi, director of the horticulture department, presided over the project of "Research on Fruit Tree breeding", and Li Huaiyu specialized in cold-resistant breeding. After Li Huaiyu retired, her students Liu Guocheng and Professor Lu German took over the "baton."

Since 1999, successors have carried out continuous research on the establishment of high-quality and efficient apple production theory system and technology integration in cold and cool areas. Aiming at the garden construction model, integrated management, shaping and pruning, pest prevention and control and natural disaster prevention, a set of perfect safe and efficient production technology system has been formed.

Shen Nong's research results of three generations made it no longer a forbidden area for big apple production to the north of the 41 ℃ line of north latitude, and formed an apple planting belt along the January average temperature line of minus 12 ℃. Hanfu apple is not only extended to the three northeastern provinces, but also to * *, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and other places, and even across national borders to foreign countries. Professor Lu Germany told the reporter: "Hanfu Apple has promoted 2 million mu throughout the country, driving more than 300,000 people to employment, and farmers have gained a net benefit of more than 15 billion yuan." Reporter Bi Yucai, Liu Yong, correspondent Zhang Yijun