How to store corn? Are the farmers losing money? How about buying and selling in the market?

This year is the first year of the reform of corn collection and storage system in Northeast China. With the development of market-oriented acquisition, has the mode of grain storage in Northeast China changed? Are farmers losing money in growing corn? How about buying and selling in the market? In this regard, the reporter went deep into farmers, purchasing enterprises, and grain departments to find out.

Grain storage mode: from "lying on the ground" to scientific grain storage

In the northeast, many farmers are used to piling their harvested corn in their yards. This kind of "lying on the ground" is prone to corn mildew in the event of a warm winter.

In the context of market-oriented acquisition, the key to whether it can be sold and sold at a high price is to store good grain and ensure the quality of corn.

This year, Heilongjiang Province will step up efforts to guide farmers to store grain scientifically and carry out the battle to eliminate "lying on the ground". In Yingkou Village, Chang'an Town, Bin County, Heilongjiang Province, as soon as you enter the village, you can see that there is a granary in every yard, about 30 centimeters above the ground, containing golden corn.

Yang Chengfa, a big grain grower in Yingkou village, has planted 97 mu of corn this year. In his yard, there are two granaries, one large and one small. The large granary is 40 meters long, 1.5 meters wide and 2 meters high. Yang Chengfa said that this warehouse can hold 70 mu of grain, is well ventilated and transparent, can achieve natural air drying, and is ready to sell grain again in May next year.

In the courtyard of Dongguan Modern Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Shuangcheng District, Harbin, two golden corn codes are neat, more than 1 meter high, and the six "corn buildings" next to them are also full of corn. Fu Haiwei, director of the cooperative, said that the corn harvested in the past was all piled in the yard, which was prone to mildew, rodents and insect pests, resulting in food loss.

In the state-supported market acquisition, corn mildew is also likely to lower the acquisition standards, and now market-oriented acquisitions depend entirely on quality. In order to eliminate the benefits brought by "lying on the ground," some farmers in Heilongjiang Province have also made up a jingle: corn goes upstairs, do not worry about selling grain, and store grain scientifically to reduce damage and increase income.

In order to do a good job in scientific grain storage, the Grain Bureau of Heilongjiang Province recently issued an Emergency Circular on further strengthening guidance on Scientific Corn Storage for Farmers. Zhu Yuwen, director of the Heilongjiang Provincial Grain Bureau, said that farmers' scientific grain storage work is an important link before grain goes into circulation and the key to promoting the smooth circulation of grain.

Benefit of growing grain: luckily there is a subsidy for the decrease in income

At present, a large number of northeast corn has been listed, and the purchase prices of processing enterprises and traders are lower than last year. According to the monitoring of Heilongjiang Provincial Grain Bureau, the current purchase price range of corn in Heilongjiang Province is 0.61 won 0.75 yuan per jin (the arrival price of 14% moisture of the standard sample to the warehouse), and the average price of the whole province is 0.68 yuan per jin.

Farmers who grow their own contracted land do not have land transfer fees, and although the decline in corn prices leads to a reduction in income, there are still profits. Chen Bin, a major grain grower in Changwu Town, Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang Province, has planted 15 mu of corn this year, and the corn harvested has just been sold out. He said that, excluding his own labor costs, he can earn 200 yuan per mu, plus the state subsidy of more than 300 yuan per mu of corn profit.

For the transfer of land cooperatives, grain growers and other new business entities, plus subsidies, slightly profitable. Yang Baochen, a big grain grower in Yingkou Village, Chang'an Town, Bin County, Heilongjiang Province, has planted 92 mu of land this year, of which 70 mu is transferred. Yang Baochen calculated an account: the average yield of corn per mu is 1300 jin, which can be sold at 0.70 yuan per hectare; the circulation fee is 500 yuan per mu; the seed, chemical fertilizer and pesticide is about 230 yuan; the operation fee for agricultural machinery is 200 yuan, and the compensation is 20 yuan per mu.

This year, the subsidy standard for corn producers in Heilongjiang Province is 153.92 yuan per mu, which has been distributed to farmers. With subsidies, Yang Baochen earns more than 130 yuan per mu of corn. "fortunately, the state still has subsidies, otherwise it will be designated to lose money." Yang Baochen said.

Against the background of the decline in corn income, Heilongjiang Province has accelerated the adjustment of the planting structure. This year, corn has been reduced by 19.22 million mu over the previous year, and soybeans have increased by 11.556 million mu over the previous year. The relevant person in charge of the Heilongjiang Provincial Committee of Agriculture said that next year, it will also step up structural adjustment, upgrade the agricultural industrial chain and value chain, and increase the income of farmers in the secondary and tertiary industries.

Market purchase and sales: processing enterprises actively enter the market

In front of Cofco biochemical Energy (Zhaodong) Co., Ltd., trailers loaded with corn are "one by one", extending all the way out of the city. According to Shi Xiaomei, executive deputy general manager of the company, since entering the market, the company has made full capacity, uninterrupted production and maximum acquisition. As of November 22, it has acquired 260000 tons of corn, and is currently purchasing about 10, 000 tons a day.

With the decline in corn prices, some corn processing enterprises increase horsepower to expand capacity and usher in development opportunities. Heilongjiang Longxin Ruiyi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in corn processing. He Yanhui, chairman of the company, said that after knowing the adjustment of corn storage policy, the company added a production line in July this year, with an annual processing capacity of 150000 tons. "Corn per ton is at least 600 yuan lower than last year, which is the most good news for processing enterprises."

It is understood that the current corn buyers are mainly corn processing enterprises and trading enterprises. Heilongjiang Longfeng Corn Development Co., Ltd., which processes 1.2 million tons of corn a year, increased its processing capacity by 100000 tons in July this year, and all projects can reach 2.4 million tons of processed corn in the year after production. The reporter learned from the Heilongjiang Provincial Grain Bureau that the deep processing capacity of corn in Heilongjiang Province can be increased from 18 billion jin to 22 billion jin this year.

In addition to the decline in corn prices, subsidies for corn processing enterprises are also an important reason for corn processing enterprises to greatly expand capacity and start work at full load. Heilongjiang plans to subsidize corn processing enterprises whose main business income exceeds 20 million yuan or annual processing capacity of 100000 tons or more.